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All Journal SPIN: Jurnal Kimia & Pendidikan Kimia Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia
Sulistiyana
Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram
Chemistry Education

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SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF) AND IRRITATION EVALUATION OF SUNSCREEN LOTION CONTAINING ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FIG FRUIT (Ficus racemosa L.) Zilatul Ariani; Novia Suryani; Sulistiyana
SPIN JURNAL KIMIA & PENDIDIKAN KIMIA Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): January - June 2026
Publisher : UIN Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/spin.v8i1.15394

Abstract

Excessive and prolonged exposure to sunlight may cause pigmentation, wrinkles, erythema, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Therefore, sunscreen products are needed to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation. Fig fruit (Ficus racemosa L.) contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins that potentially act as natural sunscreen agents. This study aimed to evaluate the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and irritation potential of sunscreen lotion containing ethanolic extract of Ficus racemosa L. fruit. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol. SPF values were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and irritation testing was conducted using the Human 4-Hour Patch Test with 15 healthy female volunteers. The SPF values of the formulation containing 0 g (F0), 0.125 g (F1), 0.250 g (F2), 0.500 g (F3), and 1.000 g (F4) extract were 1.3473, 1.5970, 2.4371, 4.1191, and 4.3891, respectively. Based on SNI number 16-4399-1996, only F3 and F4 fulfilled the minimum SPF requirement of 4. No erythema or edema was observed in all formulations. These results indicate that higher extract concentration increased sunscreen activity, and F3 and F4 showed the highest SPF values with moderate sunscreen protection.
Potent Antioxidant Activity of Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) Fruit and Its Antibacterial Effect Against Klebsiella pneumoniae Baiq Ayu Aprilia Mustariani; Yuli Kusuma Dewi; Raohani; Sulistiyana
Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia Vol. 13 No. 6 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/hjkk.v13i6.18926

Abstract

This study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of renggak fruit (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.), an edible plant traditionally consumed in Lombok, Indonesia. The novelty of this research lies in the evaluation of fruit extracts of A. dealbatum, which have been rarely studied compared to other plant parts, particularly in relation to antioxidant potency and antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, a clinically relevant pathogen associated with severe pneumonia and antibiotic resistance. Extraction was carried out using a maceration method with 96% ethanol under controlled temperature and duration to preserve thermolabile compounds. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 10.33 ppm, indicating very strong antioxidant activity compared to other reported Amomum species. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method at extract concentrations of 20–100%, showing moderate inhibitory effects against K. pneumoniae with inhibition zones ranging from 7.34 to 9.48 mm. These findings highlight renggak fruit as a promising natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents, supporting their potential application as functional food ingredients or natural therapeutics.
Co-Authors Baiq Ayu Aprilia Mustariani Novia Suryani Raohani Yuli Kusuma Dewi Zilatul Ariani