Yi-Fen Huang
Department of Biomolecular and Translational Medicine, Thimphu Medical Institute, Thimphu, Bhutan

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Early Childhood Feeding Practices and the Development of Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC): A Prospective Cohort Study in Medan, Indonesia Andhika Kurnianta Kusuma; Muhammad Ashraf; Yi-Fen Huang; Aprilia Sari; Firman Hadi; Sohyuk Kim
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v2i2.175

Abstract

Introduction: Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is a significant public health problem, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. Early childhood feeding practices are recognized as major risk factors, but prospective data from specific regions like Medan, Indonesia, are limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between various feeding practices and the development of S-ECC in a cohort of children in Medan. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 450 mother-child dyads recruited from Posyandu (integrated health posts) in Medan, Indonesia. Baseline data on maternal demographics, socioeconomic status, oral health knowledge, and infant feeding practices were collected via questionnaires and interviews. Children were followed up at 6-month intervals for 36 months. Dental examinations were performed by calibrated dentists using the dmft index (decayed, missing, filled teeth) to diagnose S-ECC. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association between feeding practices and S-ECC development, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The incidence of S-ECC at 36 months was 38.2% (n=172). Prolonged bottle feeding (beyond 12 months) (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.15; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.55-2.98; p<0.001), nocturnal bottle feeding with sweetened liquids (HR = 2.85; 95% CI: 2.01-4.03; p<0.001), and frequent consumption of sugary snacks/drinks (≥3 times/day) (HR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.38-2.67; p<0.001) were significantly associated with an increased risk of S-ECC. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months showed a protective effect (HR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.45-0.86; p=0.004), even after adjusting for socioeconomic status and maternal oral health knowledge. Conclusion: This study confirms the significant impact of early childhood feeding practices on S-ECC development in Medan, Indonesia. Prolonged and nocturnal bottle feeding, particularly with sweetened liquids, and frequent consumption of sugary snacks/drinks were key risk factors. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and educating mothers about appropriate feeding practices are crucial for S-ECC prevention in this population.
Comprehension-Based Informed Consent Efficacy in High-Risk Surgeries: A Structural Equation Modeling Study Among Indonesian Patients in a Collectivistic Cultural Context Mustafa Mahmud; Cinthya Callathea; Yi-Fen Huang; Delia Tamim
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v3i2.249

Abstract

Introduction: Comprehension-based informed consent (IC) represents the ethical and medicolegal foundation of surgical practice, yet its adequacy in collectivistic societies remains insufficiently studied. This study evaluated IC efficacy among high-risk surgical patients in an Indonesian tertiary hospital and identified sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical determinants using binary logistic regression within a structural equation modeling (SEM) analytical framework. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 320 adult patients undergoing high-risk elective surgery (cardiac, thoracic, major abdominal, and orthopaedic) at Private Hospital X, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia, from January to December 2024. Validated instruments assessed IC Comprehension Score (ICCS), Health Literacy Level (HLL), Surgeon Communication Quality (SCQ), Family Influence Score (FIS), Collectivism Index (CI), and IC Efficacy Score (ICE, 0–100). Adequate IC efficacy was defined as ICE ≥ 70. Bivariat analysis used Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed with all continuous predictors standardised. Results: Mean ICCS was 49.4 ± 20.0 and mean ICE was 40.5 ± 19.8. Only 19 participants (5.9%) achieved adequate IC efficacy. Education level was significantly associated with IC efficacy adequacy (χ²=58.9, p<0.001). Spearman correlations revealed strong positive associations between ICCS and ICE (rho=0.773, p<0.001) and HLL and ICE (rho=0.566, p<0.001), and a weak negative association between FIS and ICE (rho=−0.139, p=0.012). In multivariable analysis, ICCS was the sole statistically significant independent predictor of adequate IC efficacy (OR=13.75, 95% CI [3.32–56.92], p<0.001); the model explained 55.4% of variance (Nagelkerke R²=0.554). Conclusion: Comprehension-based IC efficacy is markedly insufficient in this high-risk surgical collectivistic setting, with only 5.9% achieving adequacy. IC Comprehension Score was the sole independent determinant of IC efficacy, underscoring the imperative for structured, comprehension-focused, and culturally tailored IC interventions in Indonesian and comparable surgical settings.