Josapat Bangun
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Moriah Tangerang

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Di Balik Gerbang Kekayaan: Penderitaan Orang Kaya yang Tidak Berbelas kasihan dan Kebahagiaan Abadi Lazarus yang Miskin dalam Lukas 16:19-31 Josapat Bangun; Nathanail Sitepu
HARVESTER: Jurnal Teologi dan Kepemimpinan Kristen Vol 10, No 2 (2025): Teologi dan Kepemimpinan Kristen - Desember 2025
Publisher : STTI Harvest Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52104/harvester.v10i2.355

Abstract

Jewish religious leaders, despite living within a deeply religious environment and actively engaging in ritual and institutional religious practices, were not always successful in applying the teachings of the Torah and the Prophets to their social and ethical lives. This study aims to examine the religious and socio-economic realities of these leaders during the time of Jesus, with particular attention to their lack of compassion toward the poor and suffering, even as they themselves lived in wealth and luxury, as illustrated in Jesus’ parable of the rich man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19–31). Employing a qualitative research approach, this article critically reviews, analyzes, and synthesizes relevant biblical texts, theological literature, and scholarly studies. The findings indicate that Jewish religious leaders, driven by an attachment to wealth, increasingly prioritized financial gain within their leadership practices. This ethical failure emerged from a mode of religious understanding that remained largely cognitive, without meaningful integration into the affective and practical dimensions of faith. As a result, inner spiritual transformation marked by divine virtues was absent, leading to an inability to embody love and compassion in concrete social relationships. This article contributes to contemporary theological discourse by arguing that authentic spiritual transformation requires an integrated formation of belief, moral sensibility, and social responsibility, particularly in addressing both personal and structural dimensions of poverty. AbstrakPara pemimpin agama Yahudi, meskipun hidup dalam lingkungan yang sangat religius dan aktif terlibat dalam ritual dan praktik keagamaan institusional, tidak selalu berhasil menerapkan ajaran Taurat dan para Nabi dalam kehidupan sosial dan etika mereka. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti realitas keagamaan dan sosial-ekonomi para pemimpin ini pada zaman Yesus, dengan perhatian khusus pada kurangnya belas kasih mereka terhadap orang miskin dan yang menderita, bahkan ketika mereka sendiri hidup dalam kekayaan dan kemewahan, seperti yang digambarkan dalam perumpamaan Yesus tentang orang kaya dan Lazarus (Lukas 16:19–31). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, artikel ini secara kritis meninjau, menganalisis, dan mensintesis teks-teks Alkitab yang relevan, literatur teologis, dan studi ilmiah. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa para pemimpin agama Yahudi, yang didorong oleh keterikatan pada kekayaan, semakin memprioritaskan keuntungan finansial dalam praktik kepemimpinan mereka. Kegagalan etika ini muncul dari cara pemahaman keagamaan yang sebagian besar tetap kognitif, tanpa integrasi yang bermakna ke dalam dimensi afektif dan praktis iman. Akibatnya, transformasi spiritual batin yang ditandai dengan kebajikan ilahi tidak ada, yang menyebabkan ketidakmampuan untuk mewujudkan kasih dan belas kasih dalam hubungan sosial yang konkret. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada wacana teologis kontemporer dengan berargumen bahwa transformasi spiritual yang autentik membutuhkan pembentukan keyakinan, kepekaan moral, dan tanggung jawab sosial yang terintegrasi, khususnya dalam menangani dimensi pribadi dan struktural kemiskinan.
Dibenarkan Oleh Darah Kristus Berdasarkan Roma 5:9: Suatu Kajian Eksegesis Josapat Bangun; Chandra Wahyuni Irawati; Tarisih Tarisih
Manna Rafflesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Oktober
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.734

Abstract

The discourse on justification in Pauline theology frequently posits faith as the primary category, which can generate conceptual ambiguity when faith is misconstrued as the sole foundation rather than the instrument of reception. This study aims to examine Romans 5:9, specifically the phrase “justified by His blood,” employing a text-based qualitative approach integrated with historical-grammatical exegesis, biblical theology, and conceptual analysis. The results demonstrate that δικαιωθέντες (dikaiōthentes) denotes a singular, forensic, passive, and definitive act of God, whereas ἐν τῷ αἵματι αὐτοῦ (en tō haimati autou) syntactically links justification to the blood of Christ as an effective objective work. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a robust conceptual continuity between the theology of blood and the Old Testament sacrificial tradition. This study concludes that Romans 5:9 seamlessly integrates redemption and justification. The novelty of this research lies in its rigid conceptual distinction between ground and means, establishing the blood of Christ as the objective ground of justification and faith as the subjective instrument of reception means.