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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin
Xander Salahudin
Mechanical Engineering, Tidar University
Mechanical Engineering

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The Effect of Clay Tile Particle Addition on the Flame Retardancy and Impact Toughness of Ramie Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Muhammad Gibrail; Sri Hastuti; R. Faiz Listyanda; Eko Saputra; Wahyu Nugroho; Farika Tono Putri; Ragil Tri Indrawati; Xander Salahudin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7458

Abstract

Environmental concerns regarding polypropylene (PP) plastic waste have driven the demand for more sustainable alternative materials through composite development. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding Sokka roof tile particles as a filler on the flame retardancy and impact toughness of ramie fiber-reinforced composites. The composite materials utilize a polypropylene matrix, ramie fiber reinforcement, and Sokka roof tile particles as filler with concentration variations of 2%, 4%, and 6%. The results demonstrate that increasing the filler volume significantly improves the material's flame-retardant properties, with the 6% variation achieving the best thermal performance and the lowest burn rate of 214.27 mm/min. However, in terms of mechanical properties, a decline in impact toughness was observed as the filler content increased; the average energy absorption dropped from 1.075 Joules at 2% concentration to 0.735 Joules at 6%, which is consistent with the decrease in impact strength from 0.0364 J/mm² to 0.0204 J/mm². This phenomenon indicates that while inorganic particles effectively serve as a thermal barrier, excessively high concentrations increase material brittleness, thereby reducing the impact energy absorption capacity. In conclusion, a 6% concentration of Sokka roof tile particles is recommended for applications prioritizing fire safety, while considering the compromise in mechanical strength.
The Effect of Fiber Orientation on Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Ramie Fiber on Impact Resistance as a Dashboard Material Ikhsan Fauzi; Sri Hastuti; R. Faiz Listyanda; Eko Saputra; Wahyu Isti Nugroho; Farika Tono Putri; Ragil Tri Indrawati; Xander Salahudin
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 2, August 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i2.7472

Abstract

The increasing demand for lightweight and high-strength materials in the automotive industry has encouraged the development of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. However, studies specifically investigating the effect of ramie fiber orientation in polypropylene (PP) composites fabricated using a hot press remain limited. This study investigates the effect of ramie fiber orientation on the impact toughness of PP composites for potential dashboard applications. Composite specimens were fabricated using a hot press with a composition of 85% PP and 15% ramie fiber in a three-layer configuration (PP:fiber:PP). Fiber orientations of 15°, 30°, and 45° were investigated. Impact testing was conducted using the Charpy method according to ASTM D5942, followed by macroscopic observation of the fracture surfaces. The highest impact toughness was obtained at 15°, with an average value of 0.0265 J/mm² and absorbed energy of 0.777 J. The impact toughness decreased to 0.0248 J/mm² at 30° and 0.0221 J/mm² at 45°, with absorbed energies of 0.715 J and 0.696 J, respectively. The fracture surfaces showed matrix cracking, voids, and fiber pull-out, indicating variations in stress transfer and interfacial bonding. Among the investigated orientations, the 15° orientation provided the highest impact toughness, demonstrating the influence of fiber orientation on the impact energy absorption behavior of ramie fiber-reinforced PP composites.
Co-Authors Eko Saputra Eko Saputra Farika Tono Putri Ikhsan Fauzi Muhammad Gibrail R. Faiz Listyanda R. Faiz Listyanda Ragil Tri Indrawati Sri Hastuti Sri Hastuti Wahyu Isti Nugroho Wahyu Nugroho