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All Journal IJRETINA - International Journal of Retina
Firman Setya Wardhana
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Interleukin-1 (ɑ&β) Polymorphism and Bevacizumab Response in Neovascular AMD: Jogja Ageing and Genomic AMD Determinant (JAGAD) Study Number 4 Supanji Supanji; Dewi Fathin Romdhoniyyah; Yola Aulia Alvionita; Kayla Prihatka Salsabila; Septya Olivia Anggraeni; Dewi Megarani Ar-Rosyid; Vera Nurohmah Indrawati; Khairunnissaa' Qonitatun H.; Neilil Muna Mufidana; Dinda Ajeng Anindita; Syania Nursawitri; Sekar Syahriza; Hifdza Faza Felisha; Mohammad Eko Prayogo; Firman Setya Wardhana; Muhammad Bayu Sasongko; Chio Oka
International Journal of Retina Vol 9 No 1 (2026): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS
Publisher : Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2026.vol009.iss001.340

Abstract

Introduction: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms may influence anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by modulating inflammatory pathways. This study evaluated associations between IL-1 (ɑ&β) and anatomical outcomes following intravitreal bevacizumab. Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective study involving 84 eyes from 71 nAMD patients at three tertiary hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Patients were categorized as responders or non-responders according to whether they achieved a >10% reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) one month post-bevacizumab injection. Peripheral blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and genotyping. Results: Responders demonstrated significantly greater CMT improvement despite having higher baseline values (389.0 µM) compared to non-responders (303.0 µM, p=0.033). At one-month follow-up, responders achieved substantially lower CMT measurements (257.0 µM, p=0.002). The IL-1ɑ risk genotype was not detected in both groups. In addition, the genotype distribution for IL-1ɑ showed no statistical significance difference across age, sex, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and CMT. Genetic analysis revealed that carriers of the IL-1β T allele showed a 39% lower probability of being non-responders (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.32-1.16). The CT and TT genotypes demonstrated even stronger trends, with 34% (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.15-2.88) and 67% (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.06-1.72) reduced probabilities of non-response, respectively. However, these associations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a potential protective effect of the IL-1β -511C/T polymorphism against poor response to bevacizumab therapy, though statistical significance was not achieved. Further investigation with larger sample sizes is necessary to confirm the predictive value of IL-1 genetic variations for anti-VEGF treatment outcomes in nAMD patients.
Co-Authors Chio Oka Dewi Fathin Romdhoniyyah Dewi Megarani Ar-Rosyid Dinda Ajeng Anindita Hifdza Faza Felisha Kayla Prihatka Salsabila Khairunnissaa' Qonitatun H. Mohammad Eko Prayogo Muhammad Bayu Sasongko Neilil Muna Mufidana Sekar Syahriza Septya Olivia Anggraeni Supanji Supanji Syania Nursawitri Vera Nurohmah Indrawati Yola Aulia Alvionita