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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi)
Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Evaluating solar photovoltaic panel orientations for an open-field internet of things framework Khairul Anuar Mohamad; Mohamad Syahmi Nordin; Hairul Hafizi Hasnan; Ahmad Fateh Mohamad Nor; Rohaiza Hamdan; Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah; Nor Anija Jalaludin
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 15, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v15i1.10597

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative experimental analysis of horizontal, vertical, and 45° tilt photovoltaic (PV) panel orientations, evaluated with and without load conditions in a tropical environment. Simultaneous measurements of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and average power were conducted over three consecutive days to facilitate orientation-specific performance comparisons. Results show that the horizontal orientation demonstrated robust midday performance, achieving 3.65 W with load on one of the test day, but declined sharply in post-noon periods. The vertical orientation consistently produced lower average power outputs, approximately 3.1 W with load. As a reference, the 45° tilt consistently produced the highest output, with average load powers of 3.77 W, 3.41 W, and 3.64 W over the three days. This performance exceeded horizontal orientations by 2–5% and vertical orientations by 15–20%. Both horizontal and tilt orientations consistently surpassed internet of things (IoT) operational thresholds of 3.3–5.0 V and 100–200 mA required for low power sensor nodes, ensuring excess energy for storage. In contrast, the vertical orientation posed a risk of inadequate current in late afternoon periods. Thus, the results indicate that the orientation selection should be environment-driven. Horizontal or tilted orientations are suitable for rural and open-field IoT settings, while vertical orientations are advantageous for space-constrained or dust-prone environments.
Flood Risk Mapping in Batu Pahat Using GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process Muhammad Ammar Asry Zainudin; Mohd Asrul Affendi Abddullah; Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah; Norziha Che Him; Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani
Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) Vol 10 No 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Ikatan Ahli Informatika Indonesia (IAII)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29207/resti.v10i2.6644

Abstract

Flooding represents an ongoing natural disaster which creates major hazards that endanger human life and destroy buildings and vital systems. This research project develops a flood risk map for Batu Pahat Malaysia by combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Python-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technology. The flood-prone area identification process needs to evaluate high-risk zones and study spatial analysis methods which predict flood risks. Researchers studied three key elements which included land cover and slope and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based elevation data to determine their impact on flood vulnerability. The AHP process became more efficient and reproducible through Python automation which executed the AHP process for the analysis. The AHP results showed that elevation contributes 63% to flood risk assessment while slope and land cover account for 26% and 11% respectively. The flood risk map divided the area into three danger levels which included low danger areas and medium danger areas plus high danger areas that mostly existed in low-lying urban areas with gentle slopes. The predictions proved accurate because researchers validated them by comparing against actual flood data from previous events. The research demonstrates how AHP combined with GIS and Python creates an efficient flood risk assessment tool which helps with disaster planning and resource management. Future research could enhance the model by incorporating additional factors such as rainfall patterns, drainage infrastructure, and soil characteristics, further improving the accuracy of flood risk predictions.
Co-Authors Ahmad Fateh Mohamad Nor Hairul Hafizi Hasnan Khairul Anuar Mohamad Mohamad Syahmi Nordin Mohd Asrul Affendi Abddullah Muhammad Ammar Asry Zainudin Nor Anija Jalaludin Norziha Che Him Rohaiza Hamdan Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani