This conceptual and integrative review develops a framework for financial capability and resilience in micro, small, and medium enterprises. It addresses the problem that access to financial products does not automatically improve enterprise resilience when owners lack decision routines for cash flow, risk, borrowing, saving, and investment. Drawing on the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities, organizational learning, absorptive capacity, social capital, and resilience, the paper explains how contextual financial literacy, cash-flow routines, responsible product design, trusted community intermediation, feedback-based learning can be organized as mutually reinforcing routines. The proposed pathway moves from problem diagnosis and capability mapping to bounded experimentation, evidence review, resource reconfiguration, and learning retention. No primary survey, interview, experimental, administrative, or statistical data are claimed. The framework links these mechanisms to informed decisions, liquidity resilience, responsible borrowing, formal participation, community empowerment and identifies managerial, institutional, and research implications suitable for resource-constrained enterprises.