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All Journal Journal of Language and Literature RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya Journal of Literature Language and Academic Studies (J-LLANS)
I Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung
Udayana University
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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UNVEILING GENDER OPPRESSION THROUGH INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL OF WOMEN IN IMMACULATE I Putu Sananda Krisna Artawan; I Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung; Gek Wulan Novi Utami
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gunadarma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35760/jll.2026.v14i1.233

Abstract

This study aims to analyze gender oppression in the horror film Immaculate directed by Michael Mohan. The study seeks to understand how gender oppression is shown through the main female character's experiences inside a religious institution. Using a qualitative method, this study relied on repeated viewing of the film and examined selected scenes, dialogues, and character interactions that highlight the main character's experiences of oppression. The data was then analyzed through Iris Marion Young's Five Faces of Oppression theory, which provides a useful framework for identifying how oppression works against marginalized individuals. The findings show that all five forms of oppression appear in the film, namely exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. The main character's body was used by the institution without her knowledge or consent for religious purposes. She was excluded from meaningful participation within the convent community, and she had no power to make decisions about her own body and health. She was also forced to accept the institution's dominant belief system and suffered physical violence as a deliberate means of institutional control. These findings show how Immaculate criticizes gender-based oppression within religious and institutional settings. 
The Portrayal of Racism in The Help Movie Ni Putu Ratna Paramita Suari; I Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung; Gek Wulan Novi Utami
Journal of Literature Language and Academic Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : EDUPEDIA Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56855/jllans.v5i2.2049

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the portrayal of racism in The Help, a film that reflects racial inequality rooted in social systems, everyday interactions, and media representation. Methodology – This research employed a descriptive qualitative design using purposive sampling. The data were selected from spoken dialogues, monologues, and narrative voice in the movie. The data were collected through documentation and note-taking techniques, then identified, classified, and analyzed using Carmichael and Hamilton’s theory of racism. Findings – The findings reveal that Black characters in The Help experience two types of racism, namely individual racism and institutional racism. Individual racism is reflected in direct insults, humiliation, and unequal interpersonal treatment, while institutional racism is represented through social norms, policies, and legal structures that maintain racial segregation and restrict the rights of Black individuals. Novelty – This study contributes to previous research by providing a focused analysis of The Help using Carmichael and Hamilton’s theory, especially in distinguishing racism as both a personal and structural problem. Significance – This study is expected to benefit students, researchers, and educators in literature, film studies, and social studies by improving their understanding of racism as a complex social issue.
Beyond Commands: The Multifaceted Functions of Instructional Utterances in Medical Communication Ketut Santi Indriani; Ni Ketut Alit Ida Setianingsih; I Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung
RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya Vol 19, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/retorika.v19i2.85868

Abstract

This study examines the communicative functions of instructional utterances in doctor–patient interactions at the Pain Clinic of RSUD Genteng Banyuwangi. It specifically aims to identify how healthcare professionals use instructional utterances to guide and coordinate patients during clinical encounters. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from audio-recorded doctor–patient consultations and analyzed according to the contextual function of utterances, with particular attention to the distinction between instructional utterances and directive speech acts. The findings identified four communicative functions: (1) regulating patients’ bodily actions and positions, (2) managing patients’ emotional states, (3) providing treatment-related instructions and medical restrictions, and (4) managing procedural flow and patient participation. The findings also show that instructional utterances are not limited to direct commands. Some utterances function as procedural announcements that orient patients to ongoing or forthcoming clinical activities. Moreover, a single utterance may perform multiple functions simultaneously, particularly bodily and emotional regulation. The study concludes that instructional utterances constitute a broader, context-dependent communicative construct than directive speech acts. They serve to coordinate patient behavior and organize clinical activities throughout different stages of the medical encounter. 
Co-Authors Gek Wulan Novi Utami I Putu Sananda Krisna Artawan Ni Ketut Alit Ida Setianingsih Ni Putu Ratna Paramita Suari Santi Indriani, Ketut