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Risk Factors of Leptospirosis in Klaten, Central Java Maya Sofiyani; Ruben Dharmawan; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Leptospirosis a global public health issue, particullary in tropical and sub-tropical countries with high precipitation. WHO has estimated that the annual of Leptospirosis is 0.1 to 1 case/100,000 population in moderate non-endemic area, and 10 to 100 cases/100,000 population in humid and tropical endemic areas. Currently, Indonesia is a tropical country with the highest fatality rate of leptospirosis, ranging from 2.5% to 16.45% with an average of 7.1%. It places Indonesia as the third country with the highest mortality attibutable to Leptospirosis. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of Leptospirosis in Klaten, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with case control design. The study was conducted in Klaten, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. A sample of 49 Leptospirosis cases and 101 non-diseased controls were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The independent variable were employment status, history of cuts, history of water excursion, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), house condition, environmental condition, presence of mouse or cattle, history of rain or flood. The dependent variable was Leptospirosis. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of Leptospirosis increased with history of cuts (b= 1.64; CI 95%= 0.40 to 2.87; p= 0.009), history of water excursion (b= 1.98; CI 95%= 0.52 to 3.43; p= 0.008), poor house condition (b= -1.92; CI 95%= -3.08 to -0.77; p= 0.001), and poor environmental condition (b= -2.35; CI 95%= -3.48 to -1.23; p<0.001). History of cuts increased with cattle-related work (b= 1.79; CI 95%= 0.86 to 2.72; p<0.001) and absence of PPE (b= -2.54; CI 95%= -3.49 to -1.60; p<0.001).Conclusion: The risk of Leptospirosis increases with history of cuts, history of water excursion, poor house condition, and poor environmental condition. History of cuts increases with cattle-related work and absence of PPE.Keywords: risk factor, LeptospirosisCorrespondence: Maya Sofiyani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: mayasofiani@rocketmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(1): 11-24https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.01.02

Socioeconomic, Environmental, and Behavioral Determinants of Leprosy in Kediri, East Java Anindita Hasniati Rahmah; Ruben Dharmawan; Setyo Sri Rahardjo
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Leprosy remains a major public health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries. Leprosy can be so progressive that damages skin, nerve, extremity, and eye organs of the affected patients. Cumulative incidence of leprosy amounted to 200,000 cases worldwide, with the highest incidences occuring in India, Brazil, and Indonesia. This study sought to examine the social economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants of leprosy in Kediri, East Java, using path analysis approach.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Leprosy Hospital, Kediri, East Java, from November to December 2017. A total sample of 150 study subjects consisting of 75 leprosy patients and 75 non-diseased subjects were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was leprosy. The independent variables were personal hygiene, education, employment status, family income, dwelling density, humidity, and migration. Data on leprosy diagnosis was taken from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of leprosy increased with poorer personal hygiene (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -1.92 to -0.49; p=0.001), higher humidity (b= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.33 to 1.43; p=0.040), and migration (b= 0.94; 95% CI= 0.14 to 1.74; p= 0.022). Being employed status increased family income (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.72 to 2.11; p< 0.001). Low family income increased the likelihood of migration (b= -14; 95% CI= -1.71 to -3.19; p= 0.007) and dwelling density (b= -1.02; 95% CI= -1.71 to -0.32; p=0.004). Higher education level increased the likelihood of being employed (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.72 to 2.11; p< 0.001) and better personal hygiene (b= 1.15; 95% CI= 0.44 to 1.85; p= 0.001). Dwelling density increased the likelihood of humidity (b= 4.29; 95% CI= 3.22 to 5.37; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Migration, higher humidity, and poorer personal hygiene directly increase the risk of leprosy. Education, employment status, family income, and dwelling density indirectly affect the risk of leprosy. Keywords: Leprosy, social economic, environmental, personal hygieneCorrespondence: Anindita Hasniati Rahmah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: aninditarahma22@gmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 253-262https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.05

Determinants of Disability in Patients with Leprosy at Kelet Hospital, Central Java Umi Nadhiroh; Ruben Dharmawan; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

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Background: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of leprosy cases in 2015 was 211,973 in 108 countries in the world. The number of leprosy cases in Indonesia ranks third after India and Brazil. There are 14,000 (8%) leprosy cases with disability. This study aimed to determine factors affecting disability and Years of Life with Disability (YLD) attributable to leprosy in patients with leprosy at Kelet Hospital, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Kelet Hospital, Central Java, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 140 leprosy patients was selected for this study using fixed disease sampling, consisting of 70 patients with disability and 70 patients without disability. The dependent variables were disability and YLD. The independent variables were age, education level, and self care. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Disability increases YLD (b= 0.37; 95% CI= 0.31 to 0.43; p<0.001). Disability increased with older age (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.38 to 2.43; p= 0.007) and decreased with better self care (b= -3.80; 95% CI= -4.90 to -2.71; p<0.001). Better self care increased with high education level (b= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.03 to 2.89; p<0.001).Conclusion: Older age increases the risk of disability, whereas self care decreases the risk of disability. Disability itself increases YLD. Higher education improves self care.Keywords: leprosy, disability, years of life with disability, determinantCorrespondence: Umi Nadhiroh. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java. Email: umi.nadhiroh2@gmail.com. Mobile: 085727056553.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 143-252https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.04

Health Belief Model on the Predictors of Healthy Sex Behavior among Commercial Female Sex Workers in Surakarta, Central Java Syarifah Syarifah; Argyo Demartoto; Ruben Dharmawan
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases that are now a global issue because they are the entrance to HIV transmission. Female sex workers (WPS) have a high risk of contracting and transmitting STIs and HIV / AIDS due to unsafe sex behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of safe sex behavior for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers in Surakarta.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducetd in Surakarta, Central Java, from December 2017 to January 2018. A sample of 105 female sex workers was selected by fixed disease sample. The dependent variable was safe sex behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceive threat, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: Safe sex behavior among female sex worker increased with strong perceived benefit (b= 0.18; 95% CI= 0.74 to 0.28; p= 0.001) and strong self-efficacy (b=0.51; 95% CI=0.25 to 0.76; p<0.001). Safe sex behavior decreased with strong perceived barrier (b= 0.15; 95% CI= -0.27 to

Effects of Chronic Disease Control Club on Physical Activity, Anxiety, and Blood Sugar Level: A Path Analysis Evidence Fajar Alam Putra; Dono Indarto; Ruben Dharmawan
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease with a tendency to worsen. The number of DM cases worldwide in 2015 was 415 million people and is expected to increase by 642 million cases in 2040. Indonesia ranks 7th in the world with 10 million DM cases in 2015, around 90% of which are Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. This study aimed to determine the effects of chronic disease control club on physical activity, anxiety, and blood sugar level.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Sukoharjo health center, Sukoharjo, Central Java, from August to September 2018. A sample of 245 type 2 DM patients was selected for this study. The independent variables were physical activity, anxiety, chronic disease control club, and complications. Data were collected using HARS, physical activity, complication and club activitiesquestionnaires. Data were analyzed by using path analysis.Results: Anxiety directly increased with complication (b= 12.55; 95% CI= 111.98 to 13.90; p<0.001). Anxiety directly decreased with chronic disease control club (b= -3.29; 95% CI= -4.72 to -1.85; p<0.001). Fasting blood sugar directly increased with anxiety (b= 2.78; 95% CI= 1.32 to 4.24; p<0.001) and complication (b= 33.14; 95% CI= 8.40 to 57.87; p= 0.009). Fasting blood sugar directly decreased with physical activity (b= -15.12; 95% CI= -19.89 to -10.35; p<0.001) and chronic disease control club (b= -30.14; 95% CI= -48.80 to -11.48; p= 0.002).Conclusion: Anxiety directly increases with complication. Anxiety directly decreases with chronic disease control club. Fasting blood sugar directly increases with anxiety and complication. Fasting blood sugar directly decreases with physical activity and chronic disease control club.Keywords: blood sugar level, physical activity, anxiety, chronic disease control clubCorrespondence: Fajar Alam Putra. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: bolodewe88@gmail.comJournal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(3): 137-144https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.02.06

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