Theodorus Chrisna Bagas Adiyoso
Sanata Dharma University

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Spiritualitas Agnostik: Eksistensi dan Pemaknaan Pandangan Non-Religi di Indonesia Theodorus Chrisna Bagas Adiyoso; Ratri Sunar Astuti
Jurnal Psikologi Integratif Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Psikologi Integratif
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/jpsi.v13i2.3371

Abstract

Spirituality in Indonesia, often associated with religious adherents, becomes a separate question when associated with agnosticism. This study aims to describe the spirituality of agnostic individuals in Indonesia and its factors. Qualitative research methods were used, including deductive and inductive approaches, and the data was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with three agnostic individuals in Indonesia. The results showed that the three participants viewed God as existing but did not see from a religious perspective. The participants had illogical experiences and were associated with transcendent dimensions and luck. Informants have a life goal to be kind to others and are based on rationality and transcendent values. Informants consider that doing good is an observance of God. All three informants have been interested in philosophical views other than agnosticism. The factors underlying conversion and maintaining agnosticism in Indonesia are being critical of religious teachings and their adherents, not caring about people's comments, being kind without being religious, having a religion administratively, and being accepted by society. Based on their experiences and feelings, the three informants had experienced negative stigma from their social environment but felt free from religious demands.   Spiritualitas yang sering dikaitkan dengan umat beragama menjadi pertanyaan tersendiri jika dikaitkan dengan agnostisisme, khususnya di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran spiritualitas dan faktor pada individu agnostik di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deduktif dan induktif, serta dianalisis dengan metode Analisis Isi Kualitatif (AIK). Data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur pada tiga individu agnostik di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga informan memandang Tuhan itu ada tetapi tidak melihatnya dari perspektif agama. Ketiga informan mengakui pernah memiliki pengalaman yang tidak logis dan dikaitkan dengan dimensi transenden serta keberuntungan. Ketiganya memiliki tujuan hidup untuk berbuat baik pada sesama dan berprinsip pada rasionalitas serta nilai transenden. Ketiga informan menganggap bahwa berbuat baik adalah praktik spiritual kepada Tuhan. Ketiga informan mengaku pernah tertarik pada pandangan filosofis selain agnostisisme. Ditemukan pula faktor yang mendasari konversi dan alasan mempertahankan pandangan agnostisisme di Indonesia, yakni kritis terhadap ajaran agama dan penganutnya, tidak peduli pada komentar orang lain, dapat berbuat baik tanpa beragama, memiliki agama secara administratif, serta dimaklumi oleh lingkungannya. Berdasarkan pengalaman dan perasaan, ketiga informan pernah mendapat stigma negatif dari lingkungan sosial tetapi merasa bebas dari tuntutan agama.
Development of the Digital Literacy Instrument of Heart Communication Puji Lestari; Agnes Indar Etikawati; Theodorus Chrisna Bagas Adiyoso; Sri Isworo Ediningsih; Priyahita Garmadyuti Suryawijaya
Jurnal The Messenger Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): May-August
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/themessenger.v18i2.14401

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate the Heart Communication Digital Literacy instrument, an integrative model combining the Digital Literacy of Tular Nalar (Contagious Reasoning) framework and the Heart Communication Theory. The model was designed to foster critical thinking, empathy, and communication ethics in digital spaces. It consisted of six aspects of heart communication linked to three levels of digital literacy from Tular Nalar.   Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed-method approach was used. Qualitative development involved instrument specification and item construction, validated through expert Focus Group Discussions. A 4-point Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 362 students in Yogyakarta quantitatively. Data were analyzed using JASP via Confirmatory Factor Analysis to evaluate construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability.   Findings: Results yielded 32 valid items with good item-total correlations (0.43–0.75) and excellent reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.963). CFA indicated that the three-level digital literacy model fit better than the original six-aspect heart communication construct, which proved unidimensional. Thus, this instrument is valid and reliable, and it resulted in the refinement of the Heart Communication Theory dimensions from six to four: Thought Cultivation, Feeling Cultivation, Empathy, and Peace of Heart.   Originality: The study's originality lies in developing a Heart Communication-Based Digital Literacy Instrument that integrates heart communication with the Tular Nalar framework to promote empathetic and constructive digital communication. The novelty of this research is found in the four dimensions of Heart Communication, which refine the definition of Heart Communication Theory.