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Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Al-Banna

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Kritik Hukum Islam Terhadap Warisan Anak Zina: Analisis Putusan MK Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 Muhammad; Muhammad Rudi Syahputra; Tasrizal
Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Qanun Jinayat, Penegakan Hukum, dan Praktik Kelembagaan
Publisher : LP3M Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Al-Banna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70193/jurisprudensi.v2i01.03

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji secara kritis hubungan antara hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia dalam pemberian hak waris bagi anak yang lahir di luar pernikahan (anak zina), dengan fokus pada analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah ketegangan normatif antara ketentuan fikih yang menafikan hubungan nasab antara anak zina dan ayah biologisnya sehingga menggugurkan hak waris dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusiah yang mengakui hak-hak keperdataan anak luar nikah berdasarkan pembuktian ilmiah seperti tes DNA. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan, melalui telaah terhadap putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan sumber-sumber fikih klasik seperti Bidayatul Mujtahid, Mausu’atul Fiqhiyyah, dan Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, serta literatur hukum nasional dan internasional. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ulama empat mazhab bersepakat anak zina tidak berhak mewarisi dari ayah biologisnya karena tidak adanya hubungan nasab syar’i yang sah, sementara Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi menekankan perlindungan hak anak dan asas keadilan substantif yang melampaui bentuk formal pernikahan. Putusan tersebut dinilai sebagai upaya progresif dalam menjamin non-diskriminasi terhadap anak, namun juga memunculkan kritik karena dianggap menyentuh ranah tasyri’ ilahi dan berpotensi mengaburkan batas antara pernikahan sah dan hubungan zina. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa reformulasi hukum yang menyangkut nilai-nilai dasar syariat harus dilakukan secara hati-hati, dengan mempertimbangkan prinsip keadilan ilahiah dan maqashid al-syari’ah.
Aktualisasi Fungsi Lembaga Wali Nanggroe dalam Pelaksanaan Otonomi Khusus Aceh Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad; Evarina
Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Pluralisme Hukum, Kekhususan Daerah, dan Perlindungan Hukum
Publisher : LP3M Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Al-Banna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70193/jurisprudensi.v2i02.06

Abstract

Aceh is a special autonomous region within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, as recognized in Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution. The prolonged conflict between the Central Government and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) was resolved through the Memorandum of Understanding in Helsinki, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Wali Nanggroe Institution (LWN). The existence of the LWN is regulated under Law Number 11 of 2006 on the Governance of Aceh, as well as Aceh Qanun Number 8 of 2012 and Qanun Number 9 of 2013. The LWN is positioned as an independent customary leadership institution functioning as a unifying body for the Acehnese people under the leadership of the Wali Nanggroe. This study examines whether the existence of the LWN aligns with the concept of Aceh’s special autonomy, evaluates its effectiveness, analyzes its participation in governance, and formulates an ideal framework for its future role. The research employs a normative juridical method with a prescriptive analytical specification, complemented by an empirical juridical approach through literature review and field interviews. The findings indicate that the LWN has not functioned effectively. Its large institutional structure is disproportionate to its duties and functions, resulting in significant budgetary burdens. The perceived political alignment of the Wali Nanggroe has reduced public trust and weakened its neutral role as a unifying figure, particularly amid political dynamics between the Aceh Government and the Aceh Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRA). In addition, the lack of harmonious relations between the LWN and the Katibul Wali has hindered institutional performance. The study recommends revising the relevant qanun by simplifying the institutional structure, clarifying internal relations, and strengthening the independence and moral authority of the Wali Nanggroe within the framework of Aceh’s special autonomy.