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All Journal Binamulia Hukum JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)
Nuchraha Alhuda Hasnda
Universitas Nusa Putra, Sukabumi, Indonesia
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Penerapan Prinsip Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Individu dan Command Responsibility terhadap Wagner Group atas Kejahatan Humaniter Haditya Yuda Negara Herdiana; Bram B Baan; Nuchraha Alhuda Hasnda
Binamulia Hukum Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Binamulia Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Krisnadwipayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37893/jbh.v15i1.1440

Abstract

Perkembangan privatisasi perang melalui kemunculan Perusahaan Militer Swasta (Private Military Company/PMC) telah menciptakan kekosongan hukum yang signifikan dalam kerangka Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Pidana Internasional. Wagner Group, sebagai entitas paramiliter Rusia yang beroperasi di Ukraina, Mali, Republik Afrika Tengah, dan Sudan, merepresentasikan paradoks paling ekstrem dari fenomena tersebut. Entitas ini beroperasi secara ilegal berdasarkan hukum domestik Rusia, tetapi diduga secara masif dan sistematis melakukan kejahatan perang serta kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan dengan memanfaatkan strategi plausible deniability negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan prinsip Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Individu sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 25 Statuta Roma 1998 dan doktrin Command Responsibility sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 28 Statuta Roma 1998 terhadap para pemimpin Wagner Group atas dugaan kejahatan humaniter yang dilakukan, termasuk dimensi kejahatan perang siber melalui weaponization of social media. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan analitis dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) personel Wagner lebih tepat dikualifikasikan sebagai individu yang berpartisipasi langsung dalam permusuhan daripada sebagai tentara bayaran konvensional sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 47 Protokol Tambahan I; (2) pimpinan Wagner dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana melalui doktrin co-perpetration dan kualifikasi de facto sebagai komandan militer berdasarkan preseden Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo; dan (3) meskipun terdapat hambatan yurisdiksional, Mahkamah Pidana Internasional tetap memiliki yurisdiksi atas kejahatan yang dilakukan Wagner di wilayah Ukraina dan negara-negara Afrika yang menjadi pihak Statuta Roma. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembentukan instrumen hukum internasional yang mengikat dan secara khusus mengatur Perusahaan Militer Swasta sebagai pengganti instrumen soft law Dokumen Montreux 2008.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights from the Perspective of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission: A Comparative Analysis of Indonesia and Korea in the Case Study of Illit’s Plagiarism Against NewJeans Siti Resna Dwi Apriliyana; Nuchraha Alhuda Hasnda
JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) Vol. 10 No. 01 (2026): JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies) (SI)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

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Abstract

The contemporary music industry has transformed into an ecosystem based on concepts, visual identity, and brand image with high economic value. The practice of musician imitation, including the imitation of group concepts, choreography, visual style, and brand identity, is difficult to address under conventional copyright law, which protects only expression and not ideas. The main legal issue is whether the imitation of creative concepts that are not protected by copyright can be categorized as unfair business competition. This study uses a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. The results show that South Korea, through the Unfair Competition Prevention Act (UCPA) and the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (MRFTA), has adopted a progressive legal framework that protects “substantial investment and effort” in creating brand identity, as demonstrated in the Seoul Court decision on the ILLIT vs NewJeans dispute in February 2026, which fulfilled three elements of unfair competition: confusion, parasitic copying, and misappropriation of trade secrets. In contrast, Indonesia still relies on a narrow copyright approach under Law No. 28 of 2014, Article 41, and Law No. 5 of 1999 on Business Competition, which has not specifically regulated concept imitation. This study recommends the reformulation of Law No. 5 of 1999, the strengthening of the role of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU), and the preparation of plagiarism guidelines as a form of preventive protection for Indonesian musicians.
Co-Authors Bram B Baan Haditya Yuda Negara Herdiana Siti Resna Dwi Apriliyana