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JOHAN ISKANDAR
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Indigenous knowledge of bamboos by Naga community, Tasikmalaya District, West Java, Indonesia BUDI IRAWAN; RUHYAT PARTASASMITA; NGESTI RAHAYU; TIA SETIAWATI; JOHAN ISKANDAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 5 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200535

Abstract

Abstract. Irawan B, Partasasmita R, Rahayu N, Setiawati T, Iskandar J. 2019. Indigenous knowledge of bamboos by Naga community, Tasikmalaya District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1423-1434. Naga community is recognized as one of Sundanese traditional groups who reside in Neglasari village, Salawu Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya District, West Java Province, Indonesia. This community has been holding firm customs and culture. For daily needs, they take advantage of plant diversity around their homes, including bamboo. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity (species and variations/landraces), utilization and management of bamboo among Naga community. The method used in this study was mixed method by combining qualitative and quantitative data collection with ethnobotany approach used in ethnobotanical studies. Semi-structured or deep interview, structured interviews, and participant observation method were used to collect data in the field. The result of study showed that there were 7 species and landraces of bamboos, namely Bambusa vulgaris Schard ex Wendl. var. vulgaris (haur hejo), Bambusa vulgaris Schard ex Wendl. var. striata (Lodd. ex Lindley) Gamble (haur koneng), Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schult) Kurz. (awi tali), Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud) Widjaja (awi gede/awi gombong), Gigantochloa atter (Hassk) Kurz. (awi temen), Gigantochloa atroviolacea Widjaja (awi hideung) and Schizostachyum iraten Steud (awi tamiyang) were documented and used in the gardens of Naga communities. Bamboos are traditionally used as building materials, woven for container, traditional musical instruments, equipment for cooking, agricultural and livestock tools, foodstuffs, and others. Bamboo plants in the garden have been traditionally managed which consists of land preparation, planting, maintenance, pest control, harvesting, and utilization. The conservation of bamboos has been traditionally done by Naga community, including selective cutting of bamboo trees instead of clear-cutting, and keeping the bamboos garden not being converted to other land uses.
The development of coffee cultivation in the traditional agroforestry of mixed-garden (dukuh lembur) to provide social-economic benefit for the Outer Baduy Community, South Banten, Indonesia BUDIWATI S. ISKANDAR; JOHAN ISKANDAR; BUDI IRAWAN; SUROSO; Ruhyat Partasasmita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 10 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201026

Abstract

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Irawan I, Suroso, Pasratasmita R. 2019. The development of coffee cultivation in the traditional agroforestry of mixed-garden (dukuh lembur) to provide social-economic benefit for the Outer Baduy Community, South Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2958-2969. The Baduy community who resides in the Village of Kanekes, the Sub-district of Leuwidamar, the District of Lebak, South Banten has maintained the Sundanese tradition, particularly in practicing swidden farming (ngahuma). They practice swidden farming based on Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and belief. According to the Baduy tradition, the commercial plants, including coffee, clove, cacao, teak, and rubber have been prohibited to cultivate in Baduy area. However, because the population has increased rapidly and market economy has intensively penetrated the Baduy area, some commercial plants, including robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) have been introduced by the outer Baduy community. The objective of this study was to elucidate the traditional practice of the Outer Baduy in cultivating coffee trees that are integrated into the traditional agroforestry of mixed-garden (dukuh lembur or leuweung lembur). This study used qualitative method with some techniques of collecting data, including observation, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and plant survey in the sample plots of the dukuh lembur. The results of the study showed that in 1980-s the robusta coffee plants were introduced by some Outer Baduy people and have since been planted in the dukuh lembur. In the past, because coffee was prohibited to be cultivated in Baduy area, the coffee trees were regularly cut during the purification of the Baduy tradition (pembersihan adat). Nowadays, however, the robusta coffee trees have been properly integrated into the existing dukuh lembur which is based on hybrid knowledge of TEK and scientific Western knowledge. The Outer Baduy coffee farming system has provided subsistence as a well commercial economy that may support the sustainability of the Outer Baduy swidden cultivation that is considered as the cultural identity of the Baduy community.
Ethnoornithology: Identification of bird names mentioned in Kakawin R?m?yana, a 9th-century Javanese poem (Java, Indonesia) DEDE MULYANTO; JOHAN ISKANDAR; RIMBO GUNAWAN; Ruhyat Partasasmita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201114

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyanto D, Iskandar J, Gunawan R, Partasasmita R. 2019. Ethnoornithology: Identification of bird names mentioned in Kakawin R?m?yana, a 9th-century Javanese poem (Java, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 20: 3213-3222. Birds have played an important role in Javanese culture for a long time. For example, birds have been culturally used as sources of folk stories, myths, illustrated old manuscripts, paintings on relief walls of temples, and inspiration of writers to make poems. This article presents the results of an ethnoornithology study that tried to identify all bird names mentioned in Kakawin R?m?yana (KR), an old Javanese poem, using a qualitative method, mainly interpreting KR text based on an ethnoornithological approach. The results showed that 84 bird names are mentioned in the Kakawin R?m?yana, belonging to 26 families, and 17 orders. The birds mentioned in KR are predominantly residents, some are regular visitors or vagrant, and only a few are absent. The orders whose members appear most often are Passeriformes (18), Columbiformes (7), Pelecaniformes (6), Ciconiiformes (5), and Cuculiformes (5). There are only 13 names which are Sanskrit in origin. Based on this study, it can be inferred that birds have played an important role in Javanese culture.
Plant knowledge richness in the Sundanese upland village: A case study in Sindangsari, West Java, Indonesia Rini Soemarwoto; Johan Iskandar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220916

Abstract

Abstract. Soemarwoto R, Iskandar J. 2021. Plant knowledge richness in the Sundanese upland village: A case study in Sindangsari, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3722-3735. According to ecological history, Sundanese people of West Java, Indonesia, have highly rich knowledge of plants. However, due to population increase, rapid development of market economy, and rapid change of rural ecosystem, the local plants knowledge has tended to decrease rapidly. This research’s objective is to elucidate the plant knowledge richness of the Sundanese. The study was undertaken in the upland village of Sindangsari, West Java, using mixed-method with ethnobotanical approach, from July to August 2017, and March 2018. The study found 204 landraces which consisted of 181 species, representing 161 genera, and 70 families. The use of plants could be classified into food, spices, medicine, construction, ornament, cosmetic, commercial plants, fodder, industry, food color, erosion control, and social function. The highest secondary citations, that is plants for food and medicine, were known by less than 50% of respondents; other plants were hardly known, recognized only by 0.1% to 0.5% of respondents. The results showed little practical knowledge among the younger generation. The intensive mobility of young population between the village and the city induces intergenerational transfer of knowledge between old and young generations mainly through oral narratives. This study concludes that it is important to consider population mobility of the young generation to predict knowledge loss.
Kawung: Landraces, management, uses, and conservation based on moral versus economic interest among Outer Baduy community, South Banten, Indonesia: Landraces, Management, Uses, and Conservation Based on Moral Versus Interest Among Outer Baduy Community, South Banten, Indonesia BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR; Johan Iskandar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221242

Abstract

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Iskandar J. 2021. Kawung: Landraces, management, uses, and conservation based on moral versus economic interest among Outer Baduy community, South Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5572-5584. The sugar palm or kawung (Arenga pinnata (Wurm) Merr.) has naturally or semi naturally grown in many rural areas of Banten and West Java. The sugar palm has social, economic, cultural, and ecological benefits for rural communities, but its population has dramatically decreased. This study aimed to access the knowledge, traditional management, uses and traditional conservation of sugar palm. This research used a qualitative method with an ethnoecological approach. The results showed that the Outer Baduy community has a rich knowledge of sugar palm. Two landraces of sugar palm are recognized by Outer Baduy mainly kawung gedé and kawung salompét. They have not intensively cultivated the sugar palm, but managed the kawung seedlings which grow naturally or assisted by civet or careuh in traditional agroforestry systems, including huma, reuma, leuweung lembur, and leuweung kolot. The weeds growing surrounding the seedlings are cleared, and then the seedlings will grow naturally and finally develop to mature trees. The sugar palm has been traditionally used for ecological, socio-economic, and cultural functions. The Outer Baduy community has traditionally conserved the sugar palm which grows in traditional agroforestry systems. The sugar palm trees, fruits, and the stems have never been cut, used as the sweetmeats, and made into sago flour, respectively, while the civets which have assisted distribution and regeneration of the sugar palm have never been hunted, and their habitat has never been destroyed.
Population and distribution of some herons in Babakan Rancabayawak, Bandung City, Indonesia Erri Noviar Megantara; Teguh Husodo; Johan Iskandar; Deden Nurjaman; Suroso SUROSO; SYAHRAS FATHIN AMINUDDIN; Zamzam I'lanul Anwar Atsaury; Indri Wulandari; Sya Sya Shanida
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221221

Abstract

Abstract. Megantara EN, Husodo T, Iskandar J, Nurjaman D, Suroso, Aminuddin SF, Atsaury ZIA, Wulandari I, Shanida SS. 2021. Population and distribution of some herons in Babakan Rancabayawak, Bandung City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5389-5396. The Cinambo River flood control channel in the Rancabayawak impacts the decline in the habitat quality of some herons, such as cattle egret [Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758)], little egret [Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766)], and Javan pond-heron [Ardeola speciosa (Horsfield, 1821)]. Besides, many built-up areas due to the urbanization in peri-urban areas also impact habitat quality, such as the loss of plants commonly used as perching and nesting sites. Along with the development of Rancabayawak as a built-up area, it is essential to study the management of those birds. This study aims to reveal: 1) plants used as perching and nesting sites, 2) population size and distribution, and management efforts on B. ibis, E. garzetta, and A. speciosa in Babakan Rancabayawak Hamlet, Gedebage Subdistrict, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A mixed-methods approach was applied in this study by calculating the estimated population and bird nests, plant inventory survey, and the installation of the A8 mini GPS. Bambusa vulgaris, Leucaena leucocephala, and Mimosa pigra are plants that are used as perching and nesting sites by B. ibis, E. garzetta, and A. speciosa. The estimated population mean of those birds was 630 individuals, 92 individuals, and 43 individuals, respectively, with the population average of those birds, is 1680 individuals. Three hundred twenty-nine nests (329) were found during the study. Based on distribution mapping, birds moved east and south, covering paddy fields in Rancaekek, Solokanjeruk, and Majalaya within a radius of 12 km. Management efforts can be conducted by not cutting down the plants that become nesting and perching sites and maintaining the wetlands in their habitats.
Co-Authors BUDI IRAWAN BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR BUDIWATI S. ISKANDAR DEDE MULYANTO Deden Nurjaman ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA INDRI WULANDARI NGESTI RAHAYU RIMBO GUNAWAN Rini Soemarwoto RUHYAT PARTASASMITA SUROSO Sya Sya Shanida SYAHRAS FATHIN AMINUDDIN TEGUH HUSODO TIA SETIAWATI Zamzam I'lanul Anwar Atsaury