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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
YOGO SETIAWAN
Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae Mochammad Syamsul Hadi; ABDUL LATIEF ABADI; TOTO HIMAWAN; MASRURI MASRURI; SAFIRA RIZKA LESTARI; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; LUQMAN QURATA AINI; YOGO SETIAWAN; HAGUS TARNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220222

Abstract

Abstract. Hadi MS, Abadi AL, Himawan T, MAsruri, Lestari SR, Rahardjo BT, Aini LQ, Setiawan Y, Tarno H. 2021. The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae. Biodiversitas 22: 702-712. Several species in the order Lepidoptera act as plant pests, one of which is Plutella xylostella. Plutella xylostella is one of the most destructive pests of cabbage and other horticultural crops. The use of chemical insecticides as pest control for P. xylostella causes many problems, such as the increased pest resistance to pesticides. The objectives of this study are:  (i) to obtain and characterize symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic and conventional agriculture soils; (ii) to evaluate the potential of bacterial symbionts in the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional soils in degrading the active ingredient of chlorpyrifos insecticide; (iii) To determine the biodegradation process of chlorpyrifos insecticide by symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella; and (iv) to identify the derivative compounds from the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos insecticide. The results showed 30 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic soil and 36 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from conventional farming soil. There are 15 species of symbiont bacteria in 5 genera from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional farming capable of degrading the chlorpyrifos insecticide. They are identified as Providencia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp., and Aeromonas sp. Chlorpyrifos-derived compounds from the biodegradation of symbiont bacteria are less toxic than chlorpyrifos compounds.
Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura AMINUDIN AFANDHI; FERY ABDUL CHOLIQ; ITO FERNANDO; YOSEP MINAR ALBERT NANDUS MARPAUNG; YOGO SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230263

Abstract

Abstract. Afandhi A, Choliq FA, Fernando I, Marpaung YMAN, Setiawan Y. 2022. Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 23: 1172-1180. Naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are important components in agroecosystems as they serve as biocontrol agents of insect and mite pests. However, some cultivation practices may have deleterious effects on EPF. In this study, the occurrence of soil-inhabiting EPF was investigated between a conventional and organic farm. EPF was baited using Tenebrio molitor larvae, and their virulence was tested against Spodoptera litura larvae. The results showed a higher occurrence of EPF in the organic farm than the conventional farm, with Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., and Gliocladium sp. were exclusively found in organic soils. Among the twenty-five EPF isolates obtained, only four isolates were avirulent against S. litura larvae. Isolates belonging to Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Paecilomyces genera caused high mortality of S. litura larvae ranging from 40 to 65%. There was a significant positive relationship between the conidial viability of EPF and larval mortality. Since virulent isolates were found in conventional soils, efforts in preserving EPF prevalence are needed through the implementation of appropriate cultivation practices. The synthetic agrochemicals exclusion, organic fertilizers application, and crop rotation practiced in the organic farm should be integrated into any other agroecosystems as a form of conservation biological control strategies to strengthen the pest control service provided by EPF.
Screening of soil fungi as bioremediation fungicide and its effect on growth of potato plants ABDUL LATIEF ABADI; FERY ABDUL CHOLIQ; MUTHIA OKTAVIANITA; NOVIA ARINATA; MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI; YOGO SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230351

Abstract

Abstract. Abadi AL, Choliq FA, Oktavianita M, Arinata N, Hadi MS, Setiawan Y. 2022. Screening of soil fungi as bioremediation fungicide and its effect on growth of potato plants. Biodiversitas 23: 1605-1610. The negative impact of using fungicides on the environment can lead to chemical residues in the soil. The chemical degradation process can be carried out in several ways, one of which is by biological means by using microbes such as soil fungi. This study aimed to evaluate soil fungi isolated from natural forests for bioremediation of Mancozeb fungicide commonly used in potato fields in Indonesia. Isolated soil fungi were identified based on morphological and molecular level (PCR). The inhibition assay was carried out by growing fungal isolates on PDA media containing a fungicide with an active ingredient of 80% Mancozeb. Trichoderma harzianum isolated as a soil fungus from natural forest could grow in the fungicide Mancozeb medium. The biodegradation assay showed that treatment of Trichoderma harzianum and Mancozeb fungicide did not inhibit the growth of potato plants (plant height, number of leaves, and root length) as compared to the control. Based on the results of degradation test using HPLC method, T. harzianum both isolates can reduce the residue of fungicide Mancozeb in soil during the vegetative growth period of potato plants.
Ant preference for different types of bait at sugarcane plantations in East Java, Indonesia BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD; YOGO SETIAWAN; AKSHA FEBRYADI; MUHAMMAD IHSAN; DENNIS WIBOWO; ITO FERNANDO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240420

Abstract

Abstract. Rahardjo BT, Muhammad FN, Setiawan Y, Febryadi A, Ihsan M, Wibowo D, Fernando I. 2023. Ant preference for different types of bait at sugarcane plantations in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24:2099-2106. The occurrence of ants is important in agroecosystems since they may provide both ecosystem services or disservices depending on the species composition. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the kind of ant species that are present in agroecosystems. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of three types of bait to measure ant abundance and diversity in sugarcane plantations. This research was conducted from July to September 2022 in four locations in East Java, Indonesia, i.e., Karangploso, Kalipare, Gandusari, and Pasirian. At each location, one plot was determined and divided into nine subplots. Ant sampling was conducted using modified pitfall traps that may contain one type of bait or without bait as control treatment. There were three types of assayed bait, i.e., tuna, eggs, and sugar. Nine traps for each treatment were installed in each location. This study obtained 6,650 individual ants from 20 morphospecies, 16 genera, and 4 subfamilies. At each location, species richness and abundance were not significantly different among bait types. However, those variables differed between the bait groups and the control. Tuna and egg baits were preferred by ants, as indicated by the higher number of trapped individuals than in sugar bait and the control traps. The species composition of the different baits was different at all locations except Kalipare. Each ant species had a different preference for the type of bait. Formicine ants preferred sugar bait, while ponerine ants preferred tuna and egg baits. Hence, it can be concluded that the bait type selection needs to be considered for ant monitoring. Therefore, using various types of baits is recommended to monitor the assemblage of ants in an ecosystem.
Co-Authors ABDUL LATIEF ABADI AKSHA FEBRYADI AMINUDIN AFANDHI BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO DENNIS WIBOWO FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD FERY ABDUL CHOLIQ HAGUS TARNO ITO FERNANDO LUQMAN QURATA AINI MASRURI MASRURI MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI Muhammad Ihsan MUTHIA OKTAVIANITA NOVIA ARINATA SAFIRA RIZKA LESTARI TOTO HIMAWAN YOSEP MINAR ALBERT NANDUS MARPAUNG