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All Journal Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO
Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae Mochammad Syamsul Hadi; ABDUL LATIEF ABADI; TOTO HIMAWAN; MASRURI MASRURI; SAFIRA RIZKA LESTARI; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; LUQMAN QURATA AINI; YOGO SETIAWAN; HAGUS TARNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220222

Abstract

Abstract. Hadi MS, Abadi AL, Himawan T, MAsruri, Lestari SR, Rahardjo BT, Aini LQ, Setiawan Y, Tarno H. 2021. The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae. Biodiversitas 22: 702-712. Several species in the order Lepidoptera act as plant pests, one of which is Plutella xylostella. Plutella xylostella is one of the most destructive pests of cabbage and other horticultural crops. The use of chemical insecticides as pest control for P. xylostella causes many problems, such as the increased pest resistance to pesticides. The objectives of this study are:  (i) to obtain and characterize symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic and conventional agriculture soils; (ii) to evaluate the potential of bacterial symbionts in the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional soils in degrading the active ingredient of chlorpyrifos insecticide; (iii) To determine the biodegradation process of chlorpyrifos insecticide by symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella; and (iv) to identify the derivative compounds from the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos insecticide. The results showed 30 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic soil and 36 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from conventional farming soil. There are 15 species of symbiont bacteria in 5 genera from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional farming capable of degrading the chlorpyrifos insecticide. They are identified as Providencia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp., and Aeromonas sp. Chlorpyrifos-derived compounds from the biodegradation of symbiont bacteria are less toxic than chlorpyrifos compounds.
Diversity and species composition of ants at coffee agroforestry systems in East Java, Indonesia: Effect of habitat condition and landscape composition FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD; AKHMAD RIZALI; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230702

Abstract

Abstract. Muhammad FN, Rizali A, Rahardjo BT. 2022. Diversity and species composition of ants at coffee agroforestry systems in East Java, Indonesia: Effect of habitat condition and landscape composition. Biodiversitas 23: 3313-3321. Habitat condition and landscape composition are the main factors that shape biodiversity in agroecosystems. However, information on the effect of habitat conditions and landscape composition on biodiversity in agroforestry systems is lacking. Agroforestry systems possess habitats that are characterized by a high diversity of vegetation, that can support biodiversity both on the field or landscape scale. This research aimed to study the diversity and species composition of ants in coffee (Coffea spp.) agroforestry systems, and to investigate the effects of habitat conditions and landscape composition on ant communities. Field research was conducted in twelve coffee agroforestry systems in East Java, Indonesia. Ants were sampled with the fogging method for canopy ants and pitfall traps for ground-dwelling ants in 40 m x 30 m plots. In each location, habitat conditions aspects (such as cultural technique and tree age) were identified by interviews with farmers and vegetation observation. Meanwhile, landscape composition was characterized by ground checking and mapping the land-use type within a 500 m radius from plot centers. This research recorded 35 species and 4,622 individuals of ants from all coffee plantations. Dolichoderus thoracicus was the most dominant canopy ant, while Pheidole sp.2 was the most dominant ground-dwelling ant in all plantations. Based on the GLM analysis, different responses were found between canopy and ground-dwelling ants in relation to habitat conditions and landscape composition. Canopy and ground-dwelling ants were affected by habitat conditions (such as tree age and canopy cover). The species composition of ground-dwelling ants was also affected by habitat conditions. In conclusion, habitats in coffee plantations can affect ant communities with ground-dwelling ants being more sensitive than canopy ants. Meanwhile, landscape composition can affect the species richness of all ants and not affect each stratum (canopy and ground-dwelling ants).
The diversity and abundance of weeds in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plantations and its relationships with Hymenoptera parasitoids diversity DENNIS WIBOWO; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; SRI KARINDAH; FAIZ NASIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240448

Abstract

Abstract. Wibowo D, Rahardjo BT, Karindah S, Muhammad FN. 2023. The diversity and abundance of weeds in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plantations and its relationships with Hymenoptera parasitoids diversity. Biodiversitas 24: 2342-2349. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important plantation commodity in Indonesia. One of the strategies to improve sugarcane production is by controlling pest populations in sugarcane plantations which can be done by increasing the role of natural enemies as control agents, such as Hymenoptera parasitoids. The presence of parasitoids is influenced by the diversity of vegetation, including weed plants, due to the nectar contained in its flowers. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity, abundance and composition of weeds in sugarcane plantations and their relationships with the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids that have the potential to control pests in sugarcane plantations. The study was conducted from June to August 2022 in four locations in East Java, i.e. Karangploso and Kalipare (Malang), Pasirian (Lumajang) and Gandusari (Blitar). Observation of weed vegetation was carried out by taking samples using 1 m x 1 m frame inside the observation point at each observation plot. Collection of Hymenoptera parasitoids used yellow pan trap and modified farmcop to determine the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the field. Observations were made at intervals of 1 week. We found that the highest abundance of weeds found across the four sugarcane plantations was Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Ipomoea triloba L. and Ageratum conyzoides L. The highest abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoid species found were Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Telenomus dignus Gahan. There were positive relationships between weed density and Hymenoptera parasitoid diversity and abundance at each sugarcane plantation. Weed species with the most presence of Hymenoptera parasitoids were A. conyzoides, I. triloba and Mimosa pudica L. In conclusion, the presence of weed vegetation on sugarcane plantations affected the composition of the Hymenoptera parasitoid community. The results of this study can be the rationale that the conservation of wild weeds in sugarcane fields is very important to support the existence of beneficial parasitoids.
Ant preference for different types of bait at sugarcane plantations in East Java, Indonesia BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD; YOGO SETIAWAN; AKSHA FEBRYADI; MUHAMMAD IHSAN; DENNIS WIBOWO; ITO FERNANDO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240420

Abstract

Abstract. Rahardjo BT, Muhammad FN, Setiawan Y, Febryadi A, Ihsan M, Wibowo D, Fernando I. 2023. Ant preference for different types of bait at sugarcane plantations in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24:2099-2106. The occurrence of ants is important in agroecosystems since they may provide both ecosystem services or disservices depending on the species composition. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the kind of ant species that are present in agroecosystems. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of three types of bait to measure ant abundance and diversity in sugarcane plantations. This research was conducted from July to September 2022 in four locations in East Java, Indonesia, i.e., Karangploso, Kalipare, Gandusari, and Pasirian. At each location, one plot was determined and divided into nine subplots. Ant sampling was conducted using modified pitfall traps that may contain one type of bait or without bait as control treatment. There were three types of assayed bait, i.e., tuna, eggs, and sugar. Nine traps for each treatment were installed in each location. This study obtained 6,650 individual ants from 20 morphospecies, 16 genera, and 4 subfamilies. At each location, species richness and abundance were not significantly different among bait types. However, those variables differed between the bait groups and the control. Tuna and egg baits were preferred by ants, as indicated by the higher number of trapped individuals than in sugar bait and the control traps. The species composition of the different baits was different at all locations except Kalipare. Each ant species had a different preference for the type of bait. Formicine ants preferred sugar bait, while ponerine ants preferred tuna and egg baits. Hence, it can be concluded that the bait type selection needs to be considered for ant monitoring. Therefore, using various types of baits is recommended to monitor the assemblage of ants in an ecosystem.
The preference of insect predators on several types of flowering plants as insectary plant in cayenne pepper fields KIRANA FADHILAH; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241139

Abstract

Abstract. Fadhilah K, Rahardjo BT, Hadi MS. 2023. The preference of insect predators on several types of flowering plants as insectary plant in cayenne pepper fields. Biodiversitas 24: 6177-6183. Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a popular commodity yet often suffers from reduced yields due to pest attacks. Therefore, growing this plant requires environmentally friendly management. One of the measures is using the baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) plant. Baby blue eyes are promising insectary plants since they attract predatory insects. This study, which was conducted in Kasin Village, Karangploso, Malang, from March to June 2023, aimed to explore the predatory insects' diversities and preferences in cayenne pepper fields by comparing baby blue eyes as insectary plants with common zinnias and marigolds. The research comprised four treatments: P1. Control; P2. Cayenne peppers + baby blue eyes; P3. Cayenne peppers + common zinnias (Zinnia elegans); and P4. Cayenne peppers + marigolds (Tagetes erecta). The study revealed lady beetle Coccinella transversalis, Menochilus sexmaculatus, and big-eyed bug Geocoris sp. as the most abundant predatory insects with increasing populations across the treatments. The highest predator insect diversity was found in the Cayenne pepper + baby blue eyes (P2) treatment. In conclusion, baby blue eyes attract more predatory insects in cayenne pepper fields than other insectary plants, making them valuable alternatives besides common zinnias and marigolds. These findings provide a reference for future studies to promote baby blue eyes as insectary plants for farmers.
Co-Authors ABDUL LATIEF ABADI AKHMAD RIZALI AKSHA FEBRYADI DENNIS WIBOWO FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD FAIZ NASIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD HAGUS TARNO ITO FERNANDO KIRANA FADHILAH LUQMAN QURATA AINI MASRURI MASRURI MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI Muhammad Ihsan SAFIRA RIZKA LESTARI SRI KARINDAH TOTO HIMAWAN YOGO SETIAWAN