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MUHAMAD SYUKUR
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Diversity and genetic parameter of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) based on yield component in three location Tri Wahono Dyah Ayu Sayekti; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; AWANG MAHARIJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220236

Abstract

Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A. 2021. Diversity and genetic parameter of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) based on yield component in three locations. Biodiversitas 22: 823-829. With the increase in the use of chili, it is necessary to develop these commodities through plant breeding activities. Phenotypes are not only determined by genetics, but also by environmental factors and the GxE interactions, so all the factors need to be considered. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variability of ten elite breeding lines and three commercial varieties of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) across three different environments. This experiment was conducted in three environments namely Bogor, Kolaka, and Palembang, from January until July 2019. Thirteen genotypes consisting of ten elite lines and three commercial chili pepper were used. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each environment. To determine the effect of environment, Combined Analysis of Variance was carried out for all environments using PBSTAT-GE. The environment used in this experiment was lowland that varies between each other. The genotype with the fastest harvesting age relative in three environments was F7-145293-19-8-3-113-1. The highest number of fruits per plant was observed in genotype F9-160291-9-4-3-2-1-1-1 with 261 fruits per plant. The highest yield was observed in genotype F7-145174-9-7-1-5-3. From the clustering analysis, this population was grouped into five clusters. The heritability values for the 12 observed traits ranged between 22.68-69.97%, classified into high and moderate criteria.
Morphological response and genetic variability of four species of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) under infection of pepper yellow leaf curl virus Tri Wahono Dyah Ayu Sayekti; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; AWANG MAHARIJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221107

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Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A. 2021. Morphological response and genetic variability of four species of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) under infection of pepper yellow leaf curl virus. Biodiversitas 22: 4758-4765. Chili pepper has various types and species, but only five known species are commonly used and consumed. Most cultivated chili is susceptible to various plant diseases, one of which is Pepper yellow leaf curl disease (PYLCD) caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae). To control PYLCD, resistant variety assembly is required to prevent virus infection in cultivated plants. From this research, testing on four chili species is expected to provide information regarding the resistance and performance of chili peppers to conditions infected with PYLCV. This study was conducted at Dramaga Bogor, West Java, Indonesia in two experimental units: planting under virus-free conditions (as control) and virus-infected conditions. Each experimental unit was carried out using a single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Twenty-nine genotypes of chili pepper were used consisted of four species, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum. Of the 29 genotypes tested, thirteen genotypes in the resistant, nine genotypes in moderate resistant, two genotypes in moderate susceptible, three genotypes in the Susceptible, and two genotypes in the highly susceptible category. The heritability, genotypic coefficient of variance (GCOV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCOV) value obtained from testing for all characters is high, ranging from 65.16-99.12%, 14.87-82.60%, and 15.77-84.45%, respectively. Most of the genotypes from C. chinense showed good resistance to PYLCV. In general, by considering the category of the resistance level and other characters such as productivity, ‘Jolokia’ (C. chinense), ‘Anies’ (C. annuum) and ‘Bonita’ (C. frutescens) can be ascertained as potential candidate sources of resistance to PYLCV.
Increasing the diversity of marigold (Tagetes sp.) by acute and chronic chemical induced mutation of EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) DEWI YANNY LENAWATY; DEWI SUKMA; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; DEWA NGURAH SUPRAPTA; WARAS NURCHOLIS; SYARIFAH IIS AISYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230326

Abstract

Abstract. Lenawaty DY, Sukma D, Syukur M, Suprapta DN, Nurcholis W, Aisyah SI. 2022. Increasing the diversity of marigold (Tagetes sp.) by acute and chronic chemical induced mutation of EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate). Biodiversitas 23: 1399-1407. Increasing the diversity of marigold (Tagetes sp.) can be carried out through chemical induction mutations with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS).This study aims to obtain the LC50value, determine the sensitivity level of plants, and obtain plant diversity of Tagetes sp.with EMS both acutely and chronically. The genetic material used in this study was derived from T. erecta genotype MG04 and T. patula genotype MG21. The acute mutation technique was performed by soaking the seeds in EMS concentration for 4 hours under 10 different concentration levels (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0%). The chronic mutation technique was carried out by diluting the concentration of EMS LC501/10x, 1/100x, 1/1000x and immersion time of 6 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. The study used a Completely Randomized Block Design. Observationswere made on the percentage of surviving plants, quantitative and qualitative characters. The data obtained were analyzed using Boxplot and ANOVA. The results showed that the LC50 value of T. erecta is 0.82% and LC50of T. patula is 1.87%, which means that the sensitivity level of T. erecta to EMS treatment is quite higher than T. patula. The acute application method shows a relatively low mutation rate and limited diversity of flower types. The chronic application method produced various flower shapes and whiter flower color in T. erectaand T. patula resulting in a redder flower color than the acute application method.
Genotype sensitivity and adaptability for fruit yield in red and green okra on environmental change SHAHRIZAL M. ABDILLAH; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; WILLY B. SUWARNO; ARYA W. RITONGA; ANUNG WAHYUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240810

Abstract

Abstract. Abdillah SM, Syukur M, Suwarno WB, Ritonga AW, Wahyudi A. 2023. Genotype sensitivity and adaptability for fruit yield in red and green okra on environmental change. Biodiversitas 24: 4289-4298. Okra is vegetable plant consumed in immature and beneficial plants of various health. For breeders, this crop had a big chance to develop a high-yield genotype in various conditions. To develop a new variety must be known adaptability and stability in environment tests. This research aimed to evaluate the fruit yield response, sensitivity, and adaptability of okra genotypes in four environment trials. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used in each environment, with ten okra genotypes as the treatment. The AMMI-1, AMMI-2 and GGE biplot was used to illustrate genotype stability and their adaptability. Genotype by environment interaction significantly affected fruit yield, with the environment having a large contribution, with SWR01 being the highest yield. The rate of rainfall and PC1 were explained as 36.98% and 70.17% to the GEI sum of squares, respectively. ‘ZAHIRA’ and ‘GSO03’ showed sensitivities to the rate of rainfall. Genotypes ‘SWR01’ and ‘GSO03’ were the most favorable genotype according to ASV and yield performance across environments The AMMI-1, AMMI-2 and GGE biplot confirmed that both were the most suitable genotype for developing a recent variety of okra in a wide environment.
Response diversity and traits related to pepper yellow leaf curl disease resilience for resistant plants selection TRI WAHONO DYAH AYU SAYEKTI; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; AWANG MAHARIJAYA; SOBIR SOBIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240949

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Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A, Sobir. 2023. Response diversity and traits related to pepper yellow leaf curl disease resilience for resistant plants selection. Biodiversitas 24: 5057-5064. Many chili species (Capsicum spp.) have been used and consumed, among them five species, namely Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum and C. pubescens, are widely used. Most of these varieties are susceptible to Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Disease (PYLCD) caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae). To control PYLCD, it is essential to gather resistant plant varieties to effectively shield cultivated plants from viral infections. An effective selection activity related to the target character is needed to get highly productive resistant plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between resistance characters to crop production and to obtain appropriate selection criteria to increase the effectiveness of selecting resistant plants with good production. This study was conducted at Cikabayan Field, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Twenty-nine genotypes of chili pepper were used, which consists of four species, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum, arranged in a nested block design with three replications. The observed symptoms were yellowing of leaves followed by leaf malformations, but there were differences in the yellowing symptoms. From observation on visual symptoms, resistance characteristics, plant performance and productivity, there were differences in the response of each species to PYLCV attack. Correlation and path analysis results show that there was also differences in performance drop between C. annuum species and the non-C. annuum group. In C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum, direct selection on resistance characters was able to increase the resistance level of selected plants while maintaining good crop production. Whereas for C.  annuum species, the plant resistance level was not correlate with productivity reduction, so in the selection process, the percentage of yield decline needs to be considered to obtain resistant plants and maintain crop production.
Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading GRETTY FEBRIOLA SIAHAAN; MUHAMMAD ACHMAD CHOZIN; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; ARYA WIDURA RITONGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241109

Abstract

Abstract. Siahaan GF, Chozin MA, Syukur M, Ritonga AW. 2023. Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading. Biodiversitas 24: 5912-5919. The intercropping systems are important concerning the decreasing agricultural land and the increasing population. Chili could be planted as intercrops, but not all chili genotypes were adapted to low light-intensity stress. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of cayenne pepper under 50% plastic net shade conditions based on morphological and agronomic traits. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga, Bogor, from January to July 2021. The genetic material consisted of ten genotypes of cayenne pepper from Capsicum annuum L. and ten from Capsicum frustescens L.. Each genotype of chili was planted with three replications, so there were 60 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of six plants planted in an area of 1.5 m2. The shade used was a plastic net shade with a 50% shading level. The estimation of genetic parameters showed that leaf area, number of leaves, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant had a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and broad-sense heritability (Hbs). Cluster analysis resulted in two main clusters based on twelve chili growth and agronomic characters. All chili genotypes included in Cluster 1 were C. annuum chilies. On the other hand, all the chili genotypes in Cluster 2 were C. frutescens chilies except for the G19 genotype. Cayenne pepper in Cluster 2 had a higher number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fruit diameter, pedicle length, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant than cayenne pepper in Cluster 1. The result of this study indicates that C. frutescens cayenne pepper has more potential to be planted under shading conditions and used in intercropping than C. annuum.
Performance and yield stability of cayenne peppers (Capsicum frutescens) in multilocation trials in the Indonesian lowlands TRI WAHONO DYAH AYU SAYEKTI; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; AWANG MAHARIJAYA; SOBIR SOBIR; KARLIN AGUSTINA; EVRIANI MAREZA; ANUNG WAHYUDI; BAMBANG SUPRIYANTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250722

Abstract

Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A, Sobir, Agustina K, Mareza E, Wahyudi A, Supriyanta B. 2024. Performance and yield stability of cayenne peppers (Capsicum frutescens) in multilocation trials in the Indonesian lowlands. Biodiversitas 25: 3008-3017. Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) plant breeding is becoming an increasingly interesting topic due to various usages. The diversity of uses of chilies needs to be balanced with high production and good product quality so that it can meet market needs. This experiment aimed to evaluate the performance and plant diversity of eight elite lines and six commercial varieties of cayenne pepper (C. frutescens) in three different environments. The development of location-specific superior genotypes can be guided to create varieties suited to the targeted environment. This study was conducted in three locations (environments) namely “Lampung”, “Yogyakarta” and “Palembang”. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications for each location. Analysis of yield stability was conducted using three methods, namely “Francis-Kanneberg”, “Finlay-Wilkinson” and “AMMI” methods. Among the three locations, the Lampung location experienced a very significant yield loss. This is thought to be due to disease attacks on the plantations. Some genotypes are more suitable for planting at one of the test locations compared to the other two locations. However, there are two genotypes that are stable at three locations based on the three analysis methods used. Genotypes "F1.323340" and "F1.285290” were observed to be stable and produced well at all test locations. Both genotypes can be recommended for planting in lowland environment.
Diversity of quantitative, qualitative, and vitamin C content characteristics in F5 generation of Capsicum baccatum HILDA ADINA RAHMI; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; DEWI SUKMA; SYARIFAH IIS AISYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250907

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmi HA, Syukur M, Sukma D, Aisyah SI. 2024. Diversity of quantitative, qualitative, and vitamin C content characteristics in F5 generation of chili pepper Capsicum baccatum species. Biodiversitas 25: 2878-2886. Chili is a popular vegetable worldwide, and Indonesia is one of the largest chili producers. However, the cultivation of Capsicum baccatum species is still uncommon in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the diversity and heritability of yield and yield quality of F5 populations of C. baccatum. This study was conducted at the Experimental Field of Perumahan Alam Sinar Sari, Bogor. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using 12 genotypes with three replications and four sample plants per replication. The F5 populations of the following genotypes were used: 4k-6p, 4k-7p, 7m-4q, 2m-2m, 7m-3q, 7m-3m, 7m-2q, 2m-2q, 7m-8m, 7m-1m, Bishop Crown, and Lemon Drop. The observations included quantitative, qualitative character,vitamin C contents, and soluble solids. The results showed that the fruit weight per plant ranged from 37.73 to 94.24 grams, while the number of fruits per plant ranged from 11.46 to 30.95. Fruit length ranged from 2.65 to 6.08 cm, and fruit diameter ranged from 15.70 to 41.43 mm. The weight per fruit ranged from 3.43 to 14.89 grams. Brightness or L* values ranged from 19.06 to 41.93, a* values ranged from 5.62 to 31.49, and b* values ranged from 22.90 to 57.45. The chroma value ranged from 30.87 to 64.20, and the hue value ranged from 46.54 to 80.23. The analysis of vitamin C content showed a range of 12.20 to 17.74 mg/20 g, and the test results of soluble solids ranged from 8.77% to 13.49%. All quantitative characters showed high heritability, indicating a strong genetic influence on these characters. The qualitative observations were analyzed, and the results showed that the 12 C. baccatum chilies had similarity coefficients ranging from 0.0 to 0.5. The similarity analysis resulted in grouping the 12 genotypes of C. baccatum into four main groups.
Co-Authors ANUNG WAHYUDI ANUNG WAHYUDI ARYA W. RITONGA ARYA WIDURA RITONGA AWANG MAHARIJAYA BAMBANG SUPRIYANTA DEWA NGURAH SUPRAPTA DEWI SUKMA DEWI YANNY LENAWATY EVRIANI MAREZA GRETTY FEBRIOLA SIAHAAN HILDA ADINA RAHMI KARLIN AGUSTINA MUHAMMAD ACHMAD CHOZIN SHAHRIZAL M. ABDILLAH SOBIR SOBIR SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT SYARIFAH IIS AISYAH TRI WAHONO DYAH AYU SAYEKTI TRI WAHONO DYAH AYU SAYEKTI Tri Wahono Dyah Ayu Sayekti WARAS NURCHOLIS WILLY B. SUWARNO