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All Journal Journal of Health Policy and Management Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Anik Lestari
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Path Analysis: Health Belief Model Application on Predicting Oral Hygiene Behavior of Junior High School Students in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Rifda Muthia Sabrina; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Anik Lestari
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.04.03

Abstract

Background: The high prevalence of orodental diseases, accompanied by low prevalence of appropriate behavior in maintaining orodental health, shows the urgency of health institutions to understand the determinants influencing such behaviors in Indonesia. The aims of this study was to analyze the effect of applying the health belief model on orodental health behavior among middle school students in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytical quantitative study, which was conducted in 14 public Junior High Schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia from January to March 2025. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Orodental health behavior acts as the dependent variable. Subjects were determined using a multistage random sampling method with a total of 210 students. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which included questions about demographic characteristics and the six HBM constructs. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis by StataMP 13. Results: Orodental health behavior in middle school students was directly influenced by perceived benefit (OR= 0.36; CI 95%= 0.26 to 0.45; p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (OR= 0.47; CI 95%= 0.38 to 0.55; p<0.001), and self-efficacy (OR= 0.20; CI 95%= 0.10 to 0.30; p<0.001). Orodental health behavior was also indirectly influenced by perceived susceptibility and cues-to-action. Conclusion: Perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy significantly improved orodental health behavior in students.  
Personal and Institutional Factors Affecting Physiotherapist Performance in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia Rizka Dwi Yulianti; Anik Lestari; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Physiotherapist performance is an important indicator in determining the quality of medical rehabilitation services, influenced by the interaction of personal and institutional factors. This study aims to analyze the influence of personal factors (motivation, formal and non-formal education) and institutional factors (leadership and work environment) on physiotherapist performance. Subjects and Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The subjects consisted of 183 physiotherapists in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Independent variables included motivation, formal education, non-formal education, leadership, and work environment. The dependent variable was physiotherapist performance. Data analysis included bivariate analysis using Spearman's rho and multivariate analysis using path analysis with STATA. Results: Motivation (b = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.54; p < 0.001), work environment (b = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.51; p < 0.001), and formal education (b = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.32; p < 0.001) had a direct and significant influence on physiotherapist performance. Work environment (b = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.53; p < 0.001), leadership (b = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.28; p = 0.016), and non-formal education (b = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.44; p < 0.001) had an indirect effect on performance through motivation. Leadership also had an indirect effect on performance through work environment (b = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.56; p < 0.001). The model showed good fit (Chi-square = 9.92; p = 0.105; RMSEA = 0.066; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.97; SRMR = 0.024). Conclusion: Motivation, work environment, and formal education have a direct influence on physiotherapist performance, while leadership and non-formal education have an indirect influence through motivation and work environment as mediators.
Psychosocial Factors Affecting the Performance of Community Health Center Employees Nadia Fitriana Fariati; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Bhisma Murti; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari; Anik Lestari
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) serve as primary healthcare facilities whose effectiveness is strongly influenced by employee performance. Psychosocial factors such as motivation, leadership perception, delegation of authority, and social capital play an essential role in enhancing work effectiveness. However, unclear task distribution and suboptimal delegation practices remain common challenges that may weaken employee performance. This study aimed to examine psychosocial factors associated with employee performance in Puskesmas. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in 17 Community Health Centers across Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from June to July 2025. A total of 224 employees were selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. Multivariate data analysis was performed using path analysis to assess both direct and indirect relationships among variables. Results: Employee performance was directly influenced by the delegation of authority and responsibility (b= 0.42; 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.53; p < 0.001) and motivation (b = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.45; p <0.001). Performance was indirectly influenced by social capital and leadership perception through motivation, as well as by motivation and leadership perception through the delegation of authority and responsibility. Length of employment, employment status, and gender showed direct but statistically non-significant effects on employee performance. Conclusion: Employee performance in community health centers can be enhanced through effective delegation of authority and responsibility, increased motivation, positive leadership perception, and strengthened social capital. In contrast, gender, employment status, and length of employment were not significant determinants of performance
Co-Authors Bhisma Murti Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Nadia Fitriana Fariati Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Revi Gama Hatta Novika Rifda Muthia Sabrina Rizka Dwi Yulianti Setyo Sri Rahardjo