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All Journal Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Path Analysis: Health Belief Model Application on Predicting Oral Hygiene Behavior of Junior High School Students in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Rifda Muthia Sabrina; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Anik Lestari
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.04.03

Abstract

Background: The high prevalence of orodental diseases, accompanied by low prevalence of appropriate behavior in maintaining orodental health, shows the urgency of health institutions to understand the determinants influencing such behaviors in Indonesia. The aims of this study was to analyze the effect of applying the health belief model on orodental health behavior among middle school students in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytical quantitative study, which was conducted in 14 public Junior High Schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia from January to March 2025. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Orodental health behavior acts as the dependent variable. Subjects were determined using a multistage random sampling method with a total of 210 students. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which included questions about demographic characteristics and the six HBM constructs. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis by StataMP 13. Results: Orodental health behavior in middle school students was directly influenced by perceived benefit (OR= 0.36; CI 95%= 0.26 to 0.45; p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (OR= 0.47; CI 95%= 0.38 to 0.55; p<0.001), and self-efficacy (OR= 0.20; CI 95%= 0.10 to 0.30; p<0.001). Orodental health behavior was also indirectly influenced by perceived susceptibility and cues-to-action. Conclusion: Perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy significantly improved orodental health behavior in students.  
The Role of the Health Belief Model in Antenatal Care Visits among Pregnant Women at Sentru Saude Komunitaria, Baucau Municipality, Timor Leste Natalino de Jesus Varela; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Setyo Sri Rahardjo
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Antenatal Care (ANC) visits are an essential intervention for reducing the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, ANC coverage in several regions of Timor-Leste, including Baucau Municipality, remains below the national target. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing pregnant women’s compliance with recommended ANC visits according to timing and guidelines using the Health Belief Model (HBM)Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study involved 200 pregnant women registered at healthcare facilities in Baucau Municipality, Timor-Leste. Data were collected using a question-naire based on HBM constructs that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using path analysis with STATA version 13 to identify direct and indirect effects among variables associated with ANC visits.Results: The results showed that cues to action had a direct and positive effect on ANC visits (b= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.20; p= 0.005). Gestational age had a significant positive effect on ANC visits (b= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.16 to 0.32; p< 0.001). In contrast, distance to healthcare facilities had a significant negative effect (b= -0.70; 95% CI= -0.75 to -0.64; p< 0.001), while parity had a negative but non-significant effect (b= -0.05; 95% CI= -0.14 to 0.03; p= 0.175). Self-efficacy had an indirect effect on ANC visits through perceived benefits (b= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.29; p= 0.040) and perceived benefits also had a significant indirect effect (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.08 to 0.37; p= 0.002). Perceived severity indirectly influenced ANC visits as well (b= -0.14; 95% CI= -0.26 to -0.01; p= 0.035).Conclusion: ANC visits increased with stronger cues to action and advancing gestational age. Conversely, ANC visits decreased with greater parity and longer distance to healthcare facilities. ANC visits were indirectly influenced by perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy.
Co-Authors Anik Lestari Bhisma Murti Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Natalino de Jesus Varela Rifda Muthia Sabrina Setyo Sri Rahardjo Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi