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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Medicine Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Path Analysis: Health Belief Model Application on Predicting Oral Hygiene Behavior of Junior High School Students in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Rifda Muthia Sabrina; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Anik Lestari
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.04.03

Abstract

Background: The high prevalence of orodental diseases, accompanied by low prevalence of appropriate behavior in maintaining orodental health, shows the urgency of health institutions to understand the determinants influencing such behaviors in Indonesia. The aims of this study was to analyze the effect of applying the health belief model on orodental health behavior among middle school students in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytical quantitative study, which was conducted in 14 public Junior High Schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia from January to March 2025. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Orodental health behavior acts as the dependent variable. Subjects were determined using a multistage random sampling method with a total of 210 students. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, which included questions about demographic characteristics and the six HBM constructs. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis by StataMP 13. Results: Orodental health behavior in middle school students was directly influenced by perceived benefit (OR= 0.36; CI 95%= 0.26 to 0.45; p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (OR= 0.47; CI 95%= 0.38 to 0.55; p<0.001), and self-efficacy (OR= 0.20; CI 95%= 0.10 to 0.30; p<0.001). Orodental health behavior was also indirectly influenced by perceived susceptibility and cues-to-action. Conclusion: Perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy significantly improved orodental health behavior in students.  
The Role of the Health Belief Model in Antenatal Care Visits among Pregnant Women at Sentru Saude Komunitaria, Baucau Municipality, Timor Leste Natalino de Jesus Varela; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Rizka Ayu Setyani
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.01.04

Abstract

Background: Antenatal Care (ANC) visits are an essential intervention for reducing the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, ANC coverage in several regions of Timor-Leste, including Baucau Municipality, remains below the national target. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing pregnant women’s compliance with recommended ANC visits according to timing and guidelines using the Health Belief Model (HBM)Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study involved 200 pregnant women registered at healthcare facilities in Baucau Municipality, Timor-Leste. Data were collected using a question-naire based on HBM constructs that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using path analysis with STATA version 13 to identify direct and indirect effects among variables associated with ANC visits.Results: The results showed that cues to action had a direct and positive effect on ANC visits (b= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.20; p= 0.005). Gestational age had a significant positive effect on ANC visits (b= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.16 to 0.32; p< 0.001). In contrast, distance to healthcare facilities had a significant negative effect (b= -0.70; 95% CI= -0.75 to -0.64; p< 0.001), while parity had a negative but non-significant effect (b= -0.05; 95% CI= -0.14 to 0.03; p= 0.175). Self-efficacy had an indirect effect on ANC visits through perceived benefits (b= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.29; p= 0.040) and perceived benefits also had a significant indirect effect (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.08 to 0.37; p= 0.002). Perceived severity indirectly influenced ANC visits as well (b= -0.14; 95% CI= -0.26 to -0.01; p= 0.035).Conclusion: ANC visits increased with stronger cues to action and advancing gestational age. Conversely, ANC visits decreased with greater parity and longer distance to healthcare facilities. ANC visits were indirectly influenced by perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy.
Perception-Driven Prevention: A Health Belief Model Implementation to Dengue Fever Control in Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia Ahmad Daffa’ Aushof; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Bhisma Murti; Argyo Demartoto; Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.03.09.

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The disease continues to pose a major public health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. This study aims to examine the Health Belief Model in relation to dengue prevention behaviors and the incidence of dengue fever in Jepara District, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Jepara District, Central Java, in January 2025. A sample of 200 respondents was selected using the fixed disease sampling method, all of whom were residents of Jepara District. The dependent variable was dengue prevention behavior. Independent variables included perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear analysis. Results: Dengue prevention behavior increased with higher perceived susceptibility (b = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.43; p = 0.049), perceived severity (b = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.57; p = 0.044), perceived benefits (b= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.63; p = 0.030), cues to action (b = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.37; p = 0.042), and self-efficacy (b= 0.33; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.65; p = 0.045), while lower perceived barriers were associated with improved prevention behavior (b = –0.18; 95% CI = –0.36 to –0.01; p = 0.045). Conclusion: The results of this study show that higher levels of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy, as well as lower perceived barriers, enhance dengue prevention behaviors.  
Traditional Treatment Choices for Managing Dysmenorrhea Among Adolescent Girls: An Application of the Health Belief Model A&#039;maliatul Khoiriyah; Argyo Demartoto; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol.11 No.1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2026.11.1.907

Abstract

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common reproductive health problem among adolescent girls and often interferes with daily activities. Various management strategies are used to alleviate dysmenorrhea, including the use of traditional medicine. This study aimed to examine the influence of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs on the choice of traditional medicine for reducing dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. Subject and Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design carried out in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 200 female adolescents were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Multivariate data analysis was conducted using path analysis to identify both direct and indirect effects among variables. Results: The selection of traditional medicine for dysmenorrhea management among adolescent girls was directly influenced by perceived benefits (b = 1.29; 95% CI= 0.61–1.97; p < 0.001) and perceived severity (b= −0.14; 95% CI= −0.71 to 0.43; p= 0.631). Meanwhile, perceived susceptibility (b= 0.81; 95% CI= 0.17–1.45; p= 0.013), perceived barriers (b= −1.53; 95% CI= −2.29 to −0.77; p < 0.001), cues to action (b= 1.44; 95% CI= 0.80–2.09; p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (b= −0.98; 95% CI= −1.61 to −0.34; p = 0.003) had indirect effects on the choice of traditional medicine. The resulting path model demonstrated good goodness-of-fit. Conclusion: Health Belief Model constructs can be effectively applied as a framework for understanding the selection of traditional medicine. HBM-based interventions that emphasize increasing perceived benefits and managing perceived barriers are recommended to support informed reproductive health decision-making among adolescents.
Co-Authors A&#039;maliatul Khoiriyah Ahmad Daffa’ Aushof Anik Lestari Argyo Demartoto Argyo Demartoto Bhisma Murti Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Natalino de Jesus Varela Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Rifda Muthia Sabrina Rizka Ayu Setyani Setyo Sri Rahardjo Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi