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All Journal Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration (JOHMPE)
Himaniarwati
Universitas Mandala Waluya, Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Antibacterial nardus grass kombucha (cymbopogon nardus (l.) rendle) against staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acnes Risky Juliansyah Putri; Agista Amelya; Nur Hatidjah Awaliyah Halid; Dian Rahmaniar Trisnaputri; Wa Ode Ida Fitriah; Himaniarwati
Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Surya Hijau Manfaat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52465/johmpe.v4i1.668

Abstract

The bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (PA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) cause acne vulgaris, an infection marked by inflammation in the sebaceous glands, as well as obstruction and accumulation of keratinous components. Kombucha contains antimicrobial chemicals, among other components. The active components' antibacterial properties should be strengthened by the addition of Nardus grass. Finding the most ideal concentration and the efficiency of Nardus grass kombucha in suppressing PA and SE bacteria were the goals of this investigation. The Kirby-Bauer antibacterial testing method was used to test Nardus grass kombucha against PA and SE bacteria after it had fermented for 14 days at concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. ANOVA and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. According to the test results, the development of clean zones demonstrated that Nardus grass kombucha at all concentrations may stop bacterial growth. At 70%, 80%, and 90% concentrations, the inhibition zones' average diameters against PA bacteria were 16.60 mm, 18.53 mm, and 20.96 mm, respectively. At the same doses, the inhibition zones for SE bacteria were 15.40 mm, 16.30 mm, and 17.53 mm. The results of the study showed that nardus grass kombucha can inhibit PA and SE bacteria, with 90% being the ideal concentration.
Formulation and antifungal activity test of ethanol extract of cashew leaves (anacardium occidentale l.) gel for thrush against candida albicans fungus Nurfantri Dinar; Himaniarwati; Wa Ode Ida Fitriah
Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Surya Hijau Manfaat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52465/johmpe.v4i1.676

Abstract

Cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.) contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which exhibit potential antifungal activity against Candida albicans. This study aimed to formulate a canker sore gel containing ethanol extract of cashew leaves and to evaluate its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol. Gel formulations were prepared at concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Physical evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Antifungal activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, with 2.2% nystatin as the positive control and the gel base as the negative control. All formulations met the requirements for a good gel preparation, exhibiting a semi-solid consistency, brownish-green color, characteristic odor, and homogeneous texture. The viscosity ranged from 120–250 dPas, and the pH was 6, indicating suitability for oral mucosal application. Inhibition zones against Candida albicans were 10.3 mm, 11.6 mm, and 12.3 mm for the 5%, 7.5%, and 10% formulations, respectively. The 7.5% and 10% formulations demonstrated strong antifungal activity. Statistical analysis revealed that concentration variation significantly affected antifungal activity (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the 5% formulation and the 7.5% and 10% formulations, whereas no significant difference was found between the 7.5% and 10% formulations. Cashew leaf ethanol extract can be formulated into an effective canker sore gel, with the optimal antifungal activity observed at concentrations of 7.5%–10%.
Co-Authors Agista Amelya Dian Rahmaniar Trisnaputri Nur Hatidjah Awaliyah Halid Nurfantri Dinar Risky Juliansyah Putri Wa Ode Ida Fitriah