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All Journal Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory
Ayi Yunus Rusyana
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Toward an Islamic Functional Theory of Marital Assets: Bridging Classical Fiqh and Modern Legal Needs Suprihatin Suprihatin; Karimuddin Abdullah Lawang; Ayi Yunus Rusyana; Nandang Najmudin
Al-Qadha : Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan
Publisher : Hukum Keluarga Islam IAIN LANGSA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/qadha.v12i2.12425

Abstract

This study originates from the absence of a functional theory that systematically explains the legal status of joint marital property within the framework of Islamic law. Previous studies have predominantly focused on normative aspects such as shirkah (partnership), maintenance (nafaqah), and hibah (gifts), without conceptualizing joint property as an instrument for protecting the reciprocal rights of spouses. This theoretical gap raises critical questions regarding how Islamic jurisprudence can respond to the demands of modern legal systems that emphasize legal certainty, economic justice, and mutual protection within marriage. Accordingly, this research aims to formulate a Functional Theory of Joint Marital Property from an Islamic perspective through the integration of classical fiqh principles, social functionalist theory, and the local wisdom of the Indonesian archipelago (Nusantara). The study employs a library-based research method with normative analysis, utilizing approaches from usul al-fiqh, legal hermeneutics, and social systems theory. This multidimensional approach enables the identification of principles of reciprocity, public interest (maslahah), and rights protection embedded in classical fiqh texts, as well as their relevance to the Indonesian legal system. The findings indicate that joint marital property serves three primary functions: a protective function safeguarding the rights of both spouses; a stabilizing function ensuring the continuity and resilience of the household; and an integrative function that harmonizes Islamic jurisprudence with the requirements of modern legal frameworks. This functional theory of joint marital property constitutes a novel contribution to the development of Islamic family law in Indonesia and may serve as a foundational framework for regulatory reform, the formulation of jurisprudential guidelines, and the strengthening of rights-based protection mechanisms within marriage.
Perbandingan Fikih Tentang Konsep Harta dalam Islam (Studi Komparatif Empat Mazhab dan Aplikasinya pada Harta Kontemporer) Asnan Purba; Ayi Yunus Rusyana; Fauzan Januri
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : SPT. haria Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v4i2.2013

Abstract

This study examines the concept of property (al māl) through the lens of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali as a legal discipline oriented toward determining the validity or invalidity (al ḥukm) of a practice within mu'āmalah māliyyah. Unlike exegetical studies preoccupied with the meaning of verses, this article concentrates on the formulation of rulings (al aḥkām) and legal maxims (al qawāʻid al fiqhiyyah) concerning the definition, criteria, and legal consequences of property. The research employs a qualitative normative legal approach grounded in a literature review, selecting opinions according to the mu'tabar or al muʻtamad (authoritative) criterion within each school. The data are analysed through comparative (muqāranah) and conceptual techniques by constructing five evaluative markers: taʻyīn, qīmah, qabḍ, manfaʻah mubāḥah, and ḍamān. The findings reveal that the four schools differ in emphasis, whose roots can be traced to their respective uṣūl al fiqh methodologies, yet such differences can be woven into a single operational evaluative framework applicable to various contemporary forms of property, ranging from digital assets and cryptocurrencies to intellectual property rights and modern Islamic financial instruments. The study concludes that the classical fiqh framework remains relevant and flexible as long as its foundational maxims are applied consistently and supported by the rulings of contemporary fatwa institutions.
Co-Authors Asnan Purba Fauzan Januri Karimuddin Abdullah Lawang Nandang Najmudin Suprihatin Suprihatin