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All Journal Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Journal of Public Health Sciences
Meiliza Izzatika
Universitas Sriwijaya
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Literasi Kesehatan Digital dan Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Layanan Kesehatan Primer Indonesia: Scoping Review Meiliza Izzatika; Rizma Adlia Syakurah; Najmah Najmah
Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Penelitian Pengabdian Algero

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54259/sehatrakyat.v5i3.7539

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital health technologies has transformed the delivery of primary health care (PHC) globally. Digital Health Literacy (DHL) has become a critical competency for PHC workers, particularly in Indonesia, alongside the implementation of SATUSEHAT and the Six Pillars of Health Transformation, which depend on the digital capacity of the health workforce. This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on: (1) the role of DHL in strengthening PHC workforce capacity; (2) system-level benefits of investing in DHL; (3) barriers to its development; and (4) evidence-based policy recommendations for Indonesia and comparable LMICs. The review followed the Arksey & O’Malley (2005) framework, with searches conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Frontiers, and WHO repositories. Keywords included digital health/eHealth literacy, primary health care, health workers, and capacity building, while grey literature from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and ASEAN health authorities was also included. Screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. DHL improves clinical decision-making, health information management, patient engagement, interprofessional collaboration, and continuous professional development. At the system level, it enhances service quality, efficiency, equity, and health surveillance. Key barriers include limited infrastructure, low baseline DHL, unequal access to training, data privacy concerns, and fragmented training approaches. Five policy recommendations were proposed. Strengthening DHL requires a multi-level strategy integrating training, digital infrastructure support, ethical regulatory frameworks, and a national action plan. Investment in DHL is a fundamental requirement for achieving universal health coverage in Indonesia.
Comparative Analysis of INA-CBGs Tariffs and Unit Cost of Cesarean Section: A Systematic Review in Indonesian Hospitals Rizma Adlia Syakurah; Edwin Frymaruwah; Muhimatul Mufarikhah; Meiliza Izzatika
Journal of Public Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Public Health Sciences
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56741/IISTR.jphs.001257

Abstract

The National Health Insurance (JKN) requires efficient, equitable, and sustainable healthcare services. However, various studies indicate discrepancies between INA-CBGs tariffs and actual hospital service costs. One of the procedures with the highest claim rates is Cesarean Section (CS), which exhibits significant disparities. This study aims to analyze the average unit cost associated with Cesarean Sections (CS) across Indonesia using the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach was employed, analyzing articles published between 2017–2024. Relevant articles were retrieved through the Google Scholar database. Of the 79 articles initially identified, 37 passed the preliminary screening, and 12 articles met all inclusion criteria. Results indicate that INA-CBGs tariffs for CS procedures only cover 25%–54% of actual costs, varying by service class, hospital location, and operational efficiency. This mismatch contributes to financial deficits in hospitals, potentially compromising service quality, restricting medical equipment procurement, and increasing healthcare professionals’ workloads. Moreover, regional cost variations demonstrate that the current tariff system inadequately considers geographic factors and service complexity. Hospitals in major cities like Bandung report nearly double the unit costs compared to regions such as Yogyakarta or Lampung. Therefore, findings highlight the necessity of reformulating INA-CBGs tariffs to better reflect hospitals' actual conditions. Without updates based on cost-of-service, the financing system risks perpetuating service disparities and reducing the quality of national healthcare. The review findings indicate that the actual cost of Cesarean Section (CS) procedures in Indonesian hospitals is significantly higher than the INA-CBGs tariffs reimbursed by BPJS, with disparities ranging from 46% to 75%.
Co-Authors Edwin Frymaruwah Muhimatul Mufarikhah Najmah, Najmah Rizma Adlia Syakurah