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All Journal Journal Neosantara Hybrid Learning Journal Emerging Technologies in Education
Sanjay Sharma
Tribhuvan University

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A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF A GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED HYBRID LEARNING PROGRAM FOR BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN REMOTE EASTERN INDONESIA Godlif Sianipar; Napat Chai; Pramila Kumari; Sanjay Sharma
Journal Neosantara Hybrid Learning Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jnhl.v3i2.2670

Abstract

The persistent digital divide across Indonesia’s eastern regions poses a major challenge to equitable access to education in the digital era. Despite national efforts to expand online learning infrastructure, disparities in connectivity, digital literacy, and resource availability continue to disadvantage students in remote areas. This study critically evaluates a government-sponsored hybrid learning program implemented in Eastern Indonesia that aimed to bridge this gap by combining online and offline learning modalities. The research investigates the program’s effectiveness in promoting equitable access, improving learning outcomes, and fostering digital inclusion among rural students and educators. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative surveys with 200 students and teachers across five districts and qualitative interviews with local education stakeholders. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis to capture contextual insights. The findings indicate that the hybrid learning model significantly improved digital literacy, student engagement, and instructional continuity in areas with limited internet access. However, challenges remained in infrastructure reliability, teacher readiness, and long-term sustainability due to uneven technological support and funding constraints. The study concludes that government-led hybrid learning initiatives can serve as effective transitional strategies for reducing educational inequality when supported by localized training and infrastructure development. It emphasizes the need for participatory policy design that integrates community-based solutions and capacity building to sustain the benefits of hybrid education in remote regions.
THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF HYBRID LEARNING: A STUDY ON THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF DIGITAL EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND PATHWAYS TO SUSTAINABILITY Roya Zahir; Dorji Wangchuk; Sanjay Sharma; Ramin Rahimi
Journal Neosantara Hybrid Learning Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jnhl.v3i3.2806

Abstract

The growing prevalence of hybrid learning has brought not only pedagogical innovation but also environmental concerns related to the digital infrastructure supporting education. This study examines the carbon footprint of hybrid learning environments, focusing on the energy consumption of devices, data centers, and network systems in Indonesian universities. The research aims to quantify energy use patterns in digital education and propose pathways toward sustainability in hybrid learning models. A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining quantitative analysis of institutional energy consumption data with qualitative interviews involving IT managers, educators, and policymakers. Life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques were applied to measure the carbon emissions associated with online teaching platforms, hardware utilization, and classroom technologies. Results revealed that hybrid learning systems consume 25–40% more energy than traditional classrooms, primarily due to prolonged use of cloud-based services and audiovisual streaming. However, the integration of smart energy management systems and renewable-powered data centers demonstrated a potential 30% reduction in total emissions. Qualitative data highlighted a lack of institutional awareness about digital sustainability, indicating that environmental education must be integrated into hybrid learning policies. The study concludes that achieving sustainable hybrid education requires a holistic redesign of digital infrastructure, integrating green computing, eco-efficient pedagogy, and behavioral awareness among users. These findings contribute to the emerging discourse on the ecological impact of educational technology and propose actionable strategies for carbon reduction in the digital learning ecosystem.
Augmented Reality in STEM Education: Enhancing Conceptual Understanding and Learner Motivation Ardi Azhar Nampira; Sanjay Sharma; Dorji Wangchuk
Journal Emerging Technologies in Education Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jete.v3i3.3410

Abstract

Background. The rapid development of digital technologies has encouraged the integration of augmented reality (AR) in STEM education as a response to persistent challenges in conceptual understanding and learner motivation. Purpose. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of augmented reality in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding and learning motivation in STEM subjects. Method. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a mixed-methods approach, involving experimental and control groups at the secondary and tertiary education levels. Quantitative data were collected through pre-test and post-test instruments measuring conceptual understanding and standardized motivation questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained from observations and semi-structured interviews. Results. The findings indicate that students exposed to AR-based learning environments demonstrated significantly higher gains in conceptual understanding compared to those taught using conventional methods. Additionally, AR integration positively influenced learner motivation, particularly in terms of attention, relevance, and engagement during learning activities. Conclusion. The study concludes that augmented reality is an effective pedagogical tool for STEM education, as it supports deeper conceptual learning and fosters intrinsic motivation.
Co-Authors Ardi Azhar Nampira Dorji Wangchuk Godlif Sianipar Napat Chai Pramila Kumari Ramin Rahimi Roya Zahir