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Gambaran status gizi dan siklus menstruasi pada remaja putri Rehuellah Daniella Karambut; Maureen Irinne Punuh; Ester Candrawati Musa
Hik Vol. 20 No. 5 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i5.3195

Background: Nutritional status plays an important role in maintaining reproductive health among adolescent girls. Both undernutrition and overnutrition may disrupt the balance of reproductive hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), potentially leading to menstrual cycle irregularities. Purpose: To describe the nutritional status and menstrual characteristics of adolescent girls attending all junior high schools. Method: A descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted among adolescent girls enrolled in six junior high schools in Manganitu District. Total sampling was employed. A total of 161 participants were included in the nutritional status analysis, while menstrual characteristics were analyzed among 132 participants who had experienced menarche. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometric measurements of weight and height and classified using the Body Mass Index-for-Age (BMI-for-Age) according to WHO standards. Menstrual characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Results: The mean age of the participants was 13.17 ± 0.81 years (range: 12–16 years). Most participants had normal nutritional status (78.8%), while 10.5% were obese, 6.2% were overweight, and 4.5% were undernourished. Among the 132 participants who had experienced menarche, 68.2% had a normal menstrual cycle (21–35 days), whereas 31.8% had an abnormal menstrual cycle. Furthermore, 72.7% of participants reported experiencing dysmenorrhea, and 81.8% reported mood changes during menstruation. Conclusion: Most adolescent girls had normal nutritional status and a normal menstrual cycle. However, undernutrition, overweight, obesity, and abnormal menstrual cycles were still observed in a considerable proportion of participants. These findings highlight the importance of continuous nutritional monitoring and reproductive health education to promote the health and well-being of adolescent girls. Keywords: Adolescent Girls; Junior High School; Menstrual Cycle; Nutritional Status; Reproductive Health.

Hubungan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dengan status gizi pada balita Thalia Chelsea Putri Wangloan Safkaur; Yuliana Sanggelorang; Ester Candrawati Musa
Hik Vol. 19 No. 6 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 6
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i6.1197

Background: Food security carries out a crucial role in meeting nutritional needs because the nutrients contained in food serve to maintain health and support growth, especially in toddlers. Low food security at the household level can result in a decline in the nutritional status of toddlers, thereby increasing the risk of medical problems in this vulnerable age group. Purpose: Analyzing the relationship between household food security and nutritional status of toddlers. Method: The study design was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 560 toddlers aged 12-59 months with a sample size of 91 toddlers selected through probability sampling and simple random sampling techniques in the Remboken Community Health Center (Puskesmas) work area, Minahasa Regency. Data were collected using the US Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM) instrument to measure household food security levels and anthropometric measurements to evaluate nutritional status based on weight-for-age (BW/A), height-for-age (H/A), and weight-for-height (BW/H). Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: There was a significant relationship between household food security and nutritional status of toddlers based on the weight/age index (p value = 0.021) and height/age index (p value = 0.001). However, no significant relationship was found between household food security and nutritional status based on the weight/age index (p value = 0.221). Conclusion: Household food security in Remboken Health Center shows a significant association with nutritional status based on the weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) indices, but no meaningful association with the weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) index. Suggestion: Families with toddlers should be able to utilize local foods that are more affordable, readily available, and nutritious, such as corn and freshwater fish, which are readily available. The Remboken Community Health Center (Puskesmas) can collaborate with integrated health post (Posyandu) cadres to conduct outreach activities for the community on utilizing the area around their homes as a source of family food. Keywords: Food Security; Nutritional Status; Toddlers. Pendahuluan: Ketahanan pangan memainkan peranan krusial dalam pemenuhan gizi sebab zat gizi yang terkandung dalam makanan berfungsi menjaga kesehatan dan mendukung pertumbuhan, terutama pada anak usia balita. Ketahanan pangan yang rendah di tingkat rumah tangga mampu berakibat pada penurunan status gizi balita, sehingga menghasilkan peningkatan risiko terjadinya permasalahan medis pada kelompok usia yang rentan ini. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan status gizi balita. Metode: Penelitian desain observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi yang ditetapkan sebanyak 560 balita berusia 12-59 bulan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 91 balita yang dipilih melalui metode probability sampling, teknik simple random sampling di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Remboken, Kabupaten Minahasa. Data dihimpun dengan memanfaatkan instrumen US Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM) dalam rangka mengukur tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan pengukuran antropometri dalam mengevaluasi status gizi berdasarkan indeks berat badan menurut umur (BB/U), tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U), dan berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB). Analisis data dilakukan dengan pengujian Chi-square serta pengujian Fisher’s exact. Hasil: Adanya hubungan signifikan antara ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks BB/U (p value = 0.021) dan indeks TB/U (p value = 0.001). Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/TB (p value = 0.221). Simpulan: Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U serta PB/U atau TB/U. Namun, tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB. Saran: Bagi keluarga balita, hendaknya dapat memanfaatkan pangan lokal yang lebih terjangkau, mudah untuk didapatkan dan memiliki nilai gizi seperti jagung dan ikan air tawar yang bisa didapatkan dengan mudah. Bagi instansi terkait, dapat membangun kerja sama bersama kader posyandu untuk mengadakan kegiatan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat agar dapat memanfaatkan area di sekitar rumah sebagai salah satu sumber bahan makanan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Balita; Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga; Status Gizi.

Asupan energi dan status gizi peserta didik Nikita Ester Paendong; Maureen Irinne Punuh; Ester Candrawati Musa
Hik Vol. 19 No. 7 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 7
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i7.1242

Background: Adolescence is a crucial life period in human development marked by significant biological, emotional, social, and cognitive changes as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood. Meeting nutritional needs during adolescence is absolutely essential. Deficiencies in energy and other nutrients can have negative effects that persist into adulthood. Both under nutrition and overnutrition often stem from imbalanced energy intake. Most Indonesians still have unstable energy intake, often exceeding the recommended dietary allowance, even though many adolescents in Indonesia have normal nutritional status. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between energy intake and nutritional status among students. Method: This study used a quantitative, analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 77 seventh and eighth-grade students selected through total sampling (entire population). The variables examined were energy intake and nutritional status. Energy intake data were collected using a 24-hour food recall form, while nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age (BMI/U) through anthropometric measurements, including height (measured using a SECA microtoise) and weight (measured using a SECA digital scale). The relationship between variables was analyzed using Spearman’s Rank Correlation test. Results: The results showed that the respondents' nutritional status was dominated by good nutritional status (75.3%), and normal energy intake (51.9%). A Spearman's Rank Correlation test showed a relationship between energy intake and nutritional status (p = 0.000; r = 0.388). Conclusion: That most respondents had good nutritional status and normal energy intake. There was a relationship between energy intake and nutritional status, with a positive r value indicating a unidirectional relationship. Suggestion: Future researchers can use these results as a reference but should add other methods or variables that were not included in this study. Keywords: Adolescents; Energy Intake; Nutritional Status. Pendahuluan: Masa remaja adalah fase krusial dalam hidup manusia yang ditandai dengan transformasi signifikan pada aspek biologis, emosional, sosial, dan kognitif selama transisi dari anak-anak ke dewasa. Status gizi yang kurang maupun lebih, sering kali berakar dari asupan energi yang tidak seimbang. Sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia memiliki asupan energi yang masih tidak stabil dan melebihi angka kecukupan energi meskipun sebagian besar remaja di Indonesia memiliki status gizi normal. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi pada peserta didik. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain atau rancangan penelitian yang dipakai yaitu studi potong lintang dengan sampel 77 siswa kelas VII-VIII yang dipilih secara total sampling/total populasi. Variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu asupan energi dan status gizi. Data asupan energi dikumpulkan melalui formulir food recall 24 jam dan status gizi diukur dengan IMT/U melalui pengukuran antropometri terlebih dahulu menggunakan alat ukur tinggi badan dan berat badan yaitu mikrotoise dan timbangan digital merk SECA. Analisis hubungan menggunakan uji Spearman’s Rank Correlation. Hasil: Status gizi didominasi oleh status gizi baik (75.3%), asupan energi normal (51.9%), dan didapatkan adanya hubungan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi berdasarkan hasil uji Spearman’s Rank Correlation dengan nilai (p= 0.000; r = 0.388). Simpulan: Sebagian besar responden memiliki status gizi baik dan asupan energi normal, serta adanya hubungan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi dengan arah hubungan nilai r positif menunjukkan hubungan searah. Saran: Bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat menggunakan hasil ini sebagai referensi, namun dengan menambah metode lain atau dengan menambahkan variabel yang belum ada pada penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Asupan Energi; Remaja; Status Gizi.

Kebiasaan sarapan dan status gizi pelajar SMP Gwyneth Gwendellyn Makanoneng; Ester Candrawati Musa; Yulianty Sanggelorang
Hik Vol. 19 No. 7 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 7
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i7.1245

Background: According to the Global Nutrition Report, rates of malnutrition among adolescents have declined, but cases of obesity and overweight have increased significantly. In 2019, an estimated 15.1% of adolescents were obese, while 5.7% were classified as underweight. This situation creates a nutritional problem known as the "triple burden of malnutrition," a combination of undernutrition, overweight, and micronutrient deficiencies. Breakfast habits are one factor influencing nutritional status. Purpose: To determine the relationship between breakfast habits and nutritional status in junior high school students. Method: This quantitative, observational, and analytical study used a cross-sectional study design conducted at Pineleng 2 Public Junior High School, Minahasa Regency, involving 77 respondents. The variables in this study were breakfast habits and nutritional status. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements (weight and height) to determine BMI/A, followed by Z-scores and a non-sequential 2x24-hour breakfast habits and food recall questionnaire. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using Fisher's exact test through the Statistical Program for Social Sciences to see the relationship between variables. Results: The majority of respondents (75.3%) had normal nutritional status, while 24.7% were categorized as abnormal (underweight, overweight, or obese). Ninety-four percent of students had frequent breakfast habits (≥4 times/week), and 5.2% had infrequent breakfast habits (<4 times/week). Students with good breakfast habits were mostly those with normal nutritional status (p=0.044) (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between breakfast habits and nutritional status. Good breakfast habits are a determining factor in students' nutritional status. Regular and nutritious breakfasts help meet daily nutritional needs while maintaining ideal nutritional status according to body mass index and age. In addition to breakfast habits, other important factors influencing nutritional status include a balanced diet and general health. Suggestion: Future researchers are encouraged to conduct research on the factors influencing breakfast habits, macronutrient intake, and nutritional status of school students. Keywords: Breakfast Habits; Lessons; Nutritional Status. Pendahuluan: Berdasarkan laporan Global Nutrition Report, angka kekurangan gizi pada remaja memang menurun, tetapi kasus obesitas dan kelebihan berat badan justru mengalami kenaikan yang cukup signifikan. Pada tahun 2019, diperkirakan 15.1% remaja mengalami obesitas, sedangkan 5.7% tergolong kekurangan berat badan. Kondisi ini menimbulkan masalah gizi yang disebut "triple burden of malnutrition", yaitu kombinasi antara kurang gizi, kelebihan berat badan, dan defisiensi mikronutrien. Kebiasaan sarapan merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi status gizi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan status gizi pada pelajar SMP. Metode: Penelitian kuantitaif yang bersifat observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain atau rancangan cross sectional study yang dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 2 Pineleng, Kabupaten Minahasa dengan melibatkan 77 responden. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kebiasaan sarapan dan status gizi. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran antropometri (berat badan dan tinggi badan) untuk mengetahui IMT/U, dilanjutkan dengan Z-score serta kuesioner kebiasaan sarapan dan food recall 2x24 jam secara tidak berurutan. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Fisher’s exact test melalui program Statistical Program for Social Sciences untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden 75.3% memiliki status gizi normal, sementara 24.7% termasuk dalam kategori tidak normal (kurus, gemuk, atau obesitas). Sebanyak 94.8% siswa memiliki kebiasaan sarapan yang sering (≥4 kali/minggu), dan sebanyak 5.2% siswa memiliki kebiasaan sarapan yang jarang (<4 kali/minggu). Siswa yang memiliki kebiasaan sarapan yang baik didominasi dengan status gizi normal (p=0.044) (p<0.05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan status gizi. Kebiasaan sarapan yang baik merupakan salah satu faktor penentu status gizi siswa. Sarapan yang teratur dan bergizi membantu memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi harian sekaligus mempertahankan status gizi ideal sesuai indeks massa tubuh dan kategori usia. Selain kebiasaan sarapan, faktor penting lain yang turut memengaruhi status gizi meliputi pola makan seimbang dan kondisi kesehatan secara umum. Saran: Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat melakukan penelitian terkait tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan sarapan pagi, asupan zat gizi makronutrien dan status gizi siswa di sekolah. Kata Kunci: Kebiasaan Sarapan; Pelajaran; Status Gizi.

Hubungan antara status gizi dengan tekanan darah pada pelajar Marshanda Meily Emanuela Kapoh; Ester Candrawati Musa; Yulianty Sanggelorang
Hik Vol. 19 No. 11 (2026): Volume 19 Nomor 11
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i11.1717

Background: High blood pressure or hypertension can be dangerous because it can damage the heart and blood vessels in the long term. One of the causes of hypertension is excessive nutritional status or obesity, which is often the result of a poor diet asnd lack of physical activity, thereby increasing the risk of hypertension in adolescents. Purpose: To determine the relationship between nutritional status and blood pressure among students. Method: This quantitative study used a cross-sectional approach. The population studied was all students of State Senior High School 2 Tondano. A sample of 88 respondents was selected using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were respondent identity sheets, a SECA microtoise for height measurement, a SECA digital scale for weight measurement, a GEA digital sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurement, and batteries. Results: The majority of respondents' blood pressure was in the normal category (64.8%), while abnormal blood pressure included pre-hypertension (18.2%), stage 1 hypertension (9.1%), and stage 2 hypertension (7.9%). The majority of respondents had normal nutritional status 57 respondents (64.8%), while 13 respondents (14.8%) were overweight and 15.9% were obese. The bivariate analysis yielded a p-value of 0.004 (p<0.05), indicating a relationship between nutritional status and blood pressure in students. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between nutritional status and blood pressure, with a p-value of 0.004 (p<0.05). Suggestion: Students with normal nutritional status and normal blood pressure should maintain a healthy lifestyle by consuming nutritious foods. Furthermore, they are encouraged to consume a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and regularly check their weight and blood pressure, followed by consultation with a healthcare professional. Keywords: Adolescents; Blood Pressure; Nutritional Status. Pendahuluan: Tekanan darah yang terlalu tinggi atau hipertensi, dapat berbahaya karena mampu merusak jantung dan pembuluh darah dalam jangka panjang. Salah satu penyebab hipertensi adalah status gizi yang lebih atau obesitas, hal tersebut sering kali merupakan hasil dari pola makan yang buruk dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik, sehingga dapat meningkatkan risiko hipertensi pada remaja. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan tekanan darah pada pelajar. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi yang diteliti adalah seluruh pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 88 responden yang dipilih melalui teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar identitas responden, microtoise merek SECA untuk pengukuran tinggi badan, timbangan digital merek SECA untuk pengukuran berat badan, tensimeter digital merek GEA untuk pengukuran tekanan darah, dan baterai. Hasil: Sebagian besar tekanan darah responden dalam kategori normal sebanyak 64.8% dan tekanan darah tidak normal yang termasuk didalamnya yaitu, pre-hipertensi sebanyak 18.2%, hipertensi tingkat 1 sebanyak 9.1%, dan hipertensi tingkat 2 sebanyak 7.9%. Status gizi mayoritas normal sebanyak 57 responden (64.8%), sedangkan untuk status gizi lebih sebanyak 13 responden (14.8%) dan obesitas sebanyak 15.9%. Hasil analisis bivariat diperoleh p-value sebesar 0.004 (p<0.05), hal ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan tekanan darah pada pelajar. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan tekanan darah pada dengan hasil p-value sebesar 0.004 (p<0.05). Saran: Bagi pelajar dengan kategori status gizi tidak lebih dan kategori tekanan darah normal dapat mempertahankan gaya hidup sehat dengan mengonsumsi makanan bergizi. Selain itu, diharapkan mengonsumsi makanan dengan gizi seimbang, berolahraga secara rutin, mengecek berat badan, dan tekanan darah secara berkala kemudian dikonsultasikan dengan tenaga kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Remaja; Status Gizi; Tekanan Darah.

Hubungan riwayat penyakit infeksi dengan stunting pada balita Valenia Keren Natalniela Kereh; Yulianty Sanggelorang; Ester Candrawati Musa
Hik Vol. 19 No. 10 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 10
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i10.1718

Background: Stunting is a problem related to child nutrition in Indonesia that remains unresolved. Stunting can be caused by multiple factors, one of which is infectious disease, a disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Common infectious diseases in children, such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, and worm infestations, can impact metabolic processes, disrupting nutrient absorption and growth. Purpose: To determine the relationship between a history of infectious diseases and stunting in toddlers. Method: This quantitative, analytical, observational study used a cross-sectional approach. It was conducted in the Pineleng Community Health Center working area from March to September 2025. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using a probability sampling technique with simple random sampling. The instruments used were the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey questionnaire and height-for-age (H/A) measurements. Data were analyzed using the ch-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Regarding infectious disease history, the majority of toddlers (66 respondents) had no history of infectious diseases. Regarding stunting incidence, 12 toddlers (12.0%) experienced stunting, while 88 toddlers (88%) experienced normal growth. The chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.329, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05. This indicates that there is no relationship between a history of infectious diseases and stunting in toddlers. Conclusion: There is no relationship between a history of infectious diseases and stunting in toddlers (p-value = 0.329). Although this study still found toddlers with infectious diseases, there are indications that proper management of infectious diseases does not significantly impact stunting. Suggestion: Parents are expected to pay more attention to their toddlers' health by maintaining a balanced nutritional intake, ensuring a clean environment, and immediately taking their children to a health facility if they experience symptoms of an infectious disease. Keywords: Infectious Diseases; Stunting; Toddlers. Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan masalah yang berkaitan dengan gizi anak di Indonesia yang masih belum teratasi sepenuhnya. Stunting dapat disebabkan oleh multifaktor, salah satunya adalah penyakit infeksi, yakni sebuah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme pathogen. Penyakit infeksi yang sering diderita anak, seperti ISPA, diare, dan kecacingan dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap proses metabolisme yang menyebabkan terganggunya penyerapan nutrisi dan pertumbuhan anak. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat penyakit infeksi dengan stunting pada balita. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pineleng pada bulan Maret – September 2025. Sempel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik probability sampling dengan metode simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022 dan pengukuran tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U), kemudian analisis data menggunakan uji statistik ch-square dan fisher’s exact test. Hasil: Ditinjau dari riwayat penyakit infeksi, Sebagian besar balita tidak pernah memiliki riwayat penyakit infeksi sebanyak 66 responden (66%). Pada status kejadian stunting, responden yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 12 balita (12.0%) dan sebagian besar normal sebanyak 88 balita (88%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukan nilai p= 0.329 yang berarti lebih besar dari nilai signifikansi 0.05. Hal ini berarti tidak terdapat hubungan riwayat penyakit infeksi dengan stunting pada balita. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat penyakit infeksi dengan stunting pada balita (p-value = 0.329). Meskipun dalam penelitian ini, masih ditemukan balita yang mengalami penyakit infeksi, namun terdapat indikasi bahwa penangan terhadap penyakit-penyakit infeksi dilakukan secara baik, sehingga tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting. Saran: Diharapkan orang tua lebih memperhatikan kesehatan balita dengan menjaga asupan gizi yang seimbang, memastikan kebersihan lingkungan, dan segera membawa anak ke fasilitas kesehatan apabila mengalami gejala penyakit infeksi. Kata Kunci: Balita; Penyakit Infeksi; Stunting.

Hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan status gizi pada pelajar Dhea Virjinia Kewo; Ester Candrawati Musa; Yulianty Sanggelorang
Hik Vol. 19 No. 9 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 9
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i9.1719

Background: Nutritional problems arise from an imbalance between nutrient intake and the body's physiological needs. Adolescent nutritional status is an important indicator of health influenced by various factors, one of which is sleep quality. Poor sleep quality can affect the regulation of the hormones leptin and ghrelin, thus impacting appetite and the body's energy balance. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status. Method: The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, conducted from March to September 2025 at Tondano 2 State Senior High School. The entire student population, totaling 88 respondents, was included through a total sampling method. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/Age) measurements, then analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: The majority of students (51 respondents) had poor sleep quality, and 61 (69.3%) had poor nutritional status. The bivariate analysis yielded a p-value of 0.023 (p<0.05). This indicates a relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status. Conclusion: There is a relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status in respondents, as shown by the p-value of 0.023. Suggestion: Further research with a different design and the addition of other variables is needed to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status. Keywords: Nutritional Status; Sleep Quality; Students. Pendahuluan: Masalah gizi timbul akibat ketidakseimbangan antara asupan zat gizi dengan kebutuhan fisiologis tubuh. Status gizi remaja merupakan indikator penting kesehatan yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah kualitas tidur. Kualitas tidur yang buruk dapat memengaruhi regulasi hormon leptin dan ghrelin, sehingga berdampak pada nafsu makan dan keseimbangan energi tubuh. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan status gizi. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada Maret–September 2025 di SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. Seluruh populasi pelajar yang berjumlah 88 responden diikutsertakan melalui metode total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) dan pengukuran Indeks Massa Tubuh menurut Umur (IMT/U), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: Sebagian besar pelajar memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk, yaitu sebanyak 51 responden (58.0%), dan responden memiliki status gizi normal, yaitu sebanyak 61 responden (69.3%). Hasil analisis bivariat diperoleh p-value sebesar 0.023 (p<0.05). Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan kualitas tidur dengan status gizi. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kualitas tidur dan status gizi pada responden, ditunjukkan dengan hasil p-value 0.023. Saran: Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan desain berbeda dan penambahan variabel lain diperlukan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih komprehensif mengenai hubungan kualitas tidur dengan status gizi. Kata Kunci: Kualitas Tidur; Status Gizi; Pelajar.

Hubungan antara perilaku sedentari dengan status gizi pada pelajar Febrina Melly Chriesanty Therianto; Ester Candrawati Musa; Fima Lanra Fredrik Gerarld Langi
Hik Vol. 19 No. 12 (2026): Volume 19 Nomor 12
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i12.2052

Background: Sedentary behavior, or a lack of movement, can have negative health consequences if allowed to persist over time. One impact of sedentary behavior is nutritional status. Teenagers who are sedentary are also at higher risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases (chronic illnesses). Purpose: To analyze the relationship between sedentary behavior and nutritional status. Method: This quantitative research used a cross-sectional approach. The population studied were students at State Senior High School 2 Tondano in July-September 2025. The sample used was 88 respondents selected through a total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Physical Activity Questionnaire of Adolescents (PAQ-A) questionnaire to observe physical activity and assess sedentary behavior of students in adolescence, and a height and weight measuring instrument to measure nutritional status. Results: The average physical activity questionnaire of adolescents (PAQ-A) score of students was quite low, with results around 1.80 with a standard deviation of 0.40. The average sample student had a body mass index (BMI) in the good category (mean 22.09 ± 5.14 kg/m2). However, 14 (16%) of the sample students were in the obese category (BMI/U Z score above +2 SD). The results of the bivariate analysis obtained a p value of 0.65 (p>0.05), meaning that H0 was accepted and the hypothesis was rejected. This indicates that there is no relationship between sedentary behavior and nutritional status in students. Conclusion: The association between sedentary behavior and nutritional status was not statistically significant, but the direction of the association suggests that lower physical activity may be associated with an increased risk of overnutrition. Suggestion: Further research with longitudinal designs and more objective measures of sedentary behavior is recommended to strengthen the causal evidence. Keywords: Nutritional Status; Sedentary Behavior; Students. Pendahuluan: Perilaku sedentari merupakan perilaku menetap atau kurang bergerak, perilaku ini memiliki dampak buruk untuk kesehatan jika dibiarkan dalam waktu yang lama. Salah satu dampak yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku sedentari yaitu status gizi. Remaja yang kurang bergerak juga dapat berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami kegemukan, hingga berisiko mengalami penyakit tidak menular (penyakit kronis). Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku sedentari dengan status gizi. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi yang diteliti adalah pelajar di SMA Negeri 2 Tondano pada bulan Juli-September 2025. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 88 responden yang dipilih melalui teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner physical activity questionnaire of adolescents (PAQ-A) untuk melihat aktivitas fisik dan menilai perilaku sedentari pelajar diusia remaja, alat ukur tinggi badan dan berat badan untuk mengukur status gizi. Hasil: Rata-rata skor PAQ-A pelajar cukup rendah dengan hasil di sekitar 1.80 dengan standar deviasi 0.40. Rata-rata pelajar sampel memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dalam kategori baik (mean 22.09 ± 5.14 kg/m2). Namun, sebanyak 14 responden (16%) telah berada di kategori obese (skor Z IMT/U di atas +2 SD). Hasil analisis bivariat diperoleh p value sebesar 0.65 (p>0.05), artinya H0 diterima, maka hipotesis ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan perilaku sedentaridengan status gizi pada pelajar. Simpulan: Hubungan antara perilaku sedentari dan status gizi tidak signifikan secara statistik, namun arah hubungan menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik yang lebih rendah mungkin berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko gizi lebih. Saran: Penelitian lanjutan dengan desain longitudinal dan pengukuran perilaku sedentari yang lebih objektif disarankan untuk memperkuat bukti kausal. Kata Kunci: Pelajar; Perilaku Sedentari; Status Gizi.

Riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dan stunting pada balita usia 6-59 bulan Stevany Corputty; Yulianty Sanggelorang; Ester Candrawati Musa
Hik Vol. 20 No. 7 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 7
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i7.3945

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, affecting children's physical growth, cognitive development, and future quality of life. Exclusive breastfeeding is one factor associated with stunting. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between a history of exclusive breastfeeding and stunting among children aged 6–59 months. Method: This quantitative study used an analytical observational case-control design. It was conducted in the Tatapaan Health Center working area in March 2026. The sample included 64 children: 32 stunted (cases) and 32 non-stunted (controls). Data were collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements based on the length-for-age (LAZ) or height-for-age (HAZ) index. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR). Results: Exclusive breastfeeding practices differed between groups. Most children in the case group did not receive exclusive breastfeeding, whereas most controls did. A significant association was found between exclusive breastfeeding history and stunting (p = 0.006). Children who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding had five times higher odds of stunting (OR = 5.000). Conclusion: A history of exclusive breastfeeding was significantly associated with stunting among children aged 6–59 months. Children who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding had higher odds of stunting. Suggestion: Future studies are recommended to include additional relevant variables, increase the sample size, and employ different study designs. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding; Nutritional Status; Stunting; Toodlers.

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