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Insiden, faktor risiko, dan mortalitas rabies di Indonesia: A systematic literature review Regina Kezia Wantania; Angela Fitriani Clementine Kalesaran; Eva Mariane Mantjoro
Hik Vol. 20 No. 5 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i5.3223

Background: Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains a public health problem in Indonesia, with a high mortality rate, despite being preventable through vaccination and post-exposure care. Indonesia is a rabies-endemic country with a high bite rate from rabies-carrying animals, low animal vaccination coverage, delayed post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and a lack of public awareness, all of which contribute to the increased risk of death. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors, and mortality rates of rabies in Indonesia. Method: This systematic literature review (SLR) study used the PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS approach. The literature search was conducted from Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases for the period 2015-2025. Inclusion criteria included a cross-sectional design, Indonesian and English versions, and full-text access. Of the 4,344 articles searched, only 8 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Results: The incidence of rabies in Indonesia remains high, particularly in endemic areas such as Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, and North Sulawesi, with most rabies cases caused by dog bites. Key risk factors include low dog vaccination coverage, delayed or incomplete PEP, low public awareness, dense stray dog populations, and limited access to health services. Rabies deaths are still reported annually, with a near 100% mortality rate after the onset of clinical symptoms, largely due to delayed treatment and a lack of public awareness of the importance of immediate action after a bite. Conclusion: Rabies in Indonesia remains a significant public health problem, with high incidence and mortality requiring serious attention. Strengthening mass vaccination programs for infected animals, improving access to and compliance with PEP, and ongoing public education are strategic steps to support the target of eliminating rabies deaths. Keywords: Incidence; Mortality; Rabies; Risk Factors.

Hubungan antara body image dan body dysmorphic disorder pada member fitness center Claudeo Primus Wenur; Angela Fitriani Clementine Kalesaran; Afnal Asrifuddin
Hik Vol. 19 No. 6 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 6
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i6.929

Background: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder characterized by an excessive obsession with physical defects that often go unnoticed by others. The prevalence of BDD varies between 0.5 and 3.2% and can affect individuals aged 5 to 80 years, with a slightly higher prevalence in women. BDD often emerges in adolescence and significantly impacts daily life, particularly among gym members. Research suggests that factors such as a history of abuse and stigma contribute to BDD. Purpose: To explore the relationship between body image and body dysmorphic disorder among gym members. Method: This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 96 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. The research instruments used the MDDI questionnaire to assess BDD and the MBSRQ-AS to assess body image. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe the characteristics of the respondents and each variable. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: The bivariate analysis using the chi-square test between the independent variable of body image and the dependent variable of BDD yielded a p-value <0.05. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between body image and body dysmorphic disorder in fitness center members. Keywords: Body Dysmorphic Disorder; Body Image; Fitness Center; Members. Pendahuluan: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) adalah gangguan mental yang ditandai oleh obsesi berlebihan terhadap cacat fisik yang sering tidak diperhatikan orang lain. Prevalensi BDD bervariasi antara 0.5-3.2% dan dapat memengaruhi individu dari usia 5-80 tahun dengan kecenderungan sedikit lebih tinggi pada perempuan. BDD sering muncul pada masa remaja dan berdampak signifikan pada kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama di kalangan anggota fitness center. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa factor, seperti riwayat penyalahgunaan dan stigma berkontribusi terhadap BDD. Tujuan: Untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara body image dan body dysmorphic disorder pada member fitness center. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 responden yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner MDDI untuk menilai adanya BDD dan MBSRQ-AS untuk menilai body image. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik responden dan setiap variabel. Sementara analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji chi-square. Hasil: Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi square antara variabel bebas body image dan variabel terikat BDD didapatkan nilai p < 0.05. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signfikan antara body image dengan body dysmorphic disorder pada member fitness center. Kata Kunci: Body Dysmorphic Disorder; Body Image; Fitness Center; Member.

Hubungan antara kebiasaan menyikat gigi dan konsumsi makanan tinggi gula dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar Fredlen Christo Sampouw Lumintang; Afnal Asrifuddin; Angela Fitriani Clementine Kalesaran
Hik Vol. 19 No. 8 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 8
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i8.1343

Background: Dental caries is a condition of tooth tissue damage caused by bacterial activity triggered by poor oral hygiene and consumption of high-sugar foods. Dental caries in school-age children can disrupt learning activities by causing pain and reducing self-confidence. In Indonesia, the incidence of dental caries remains high, including in North Sulawesi. Irregular tooth brushing habits and consumption of sweet foods are the main factors causing caries in elementary school students. Purpose: To determine the relationship between tooth brushing habits and consumption of high-sugar foods with the incidence of dental caries in elementary school children. Method: An analytical survey study with a cross-sectional design was conducted to analyze the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of dental caries in elementary school children. Results: The bivariate analysis yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), meaning H0 was rejected and the hypothesis was accepted. This indicates a relationship between tooth brushing habits and consumption of high-sugar foods with the incidence of dental caries in elementary school children. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between poor tooth brushing habits and consumption of high-sugar foods with an increased risk of dental caries. Suggestion: For future researchers, these results can be used as a reference, but by adding other methods or variables that are not yet in this study. Keywords: Consumption of High-Sugar Foods; Dental Caries; Toothbrushing Habits. Pendahuluan: Karies gigi adalah kondisi rusaknya jaringan gigi akibat aktivitas bakteri yang dipicu oleh kebersihan mulut yang buruk dan konsumsi makanan tinggi gula. Karies gigi yang terjadi pada anak usia sekolah dapat mengganggu aktivitas belajar karena menimbulkan rasa sakit dan menurunkan kepercayaan diri. Di Indonesia, angka kejadian karies gigi masih tinggi, termasuk di Sulawesi Utara. Kebiasaan menyikat gigi yang tidak teratur dan konsumsi makanan manis menjadi faktor utama penyebab karies pada siswa sekolah dasar. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan menyikat gigi dengan konsumsi makanan tinggi gula terhadap kejadian karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar. Metode: Penelitian survei analitik dengan desain potong lintang untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor risiko dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar. Hasil: Analisis bivariat diperoleh p value sebesar 0.000 (p<0.05), artinya H0 ditolak maka hipotesis diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan kebiasaan menyikat gigi dan konsumsi makanan tinggi gula terhadap kejadian karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kebiasaan menyikat gigi yang buruk dan konsumsi makanan tinggi gula dengan peningkatan risiko karies gigi. Saran: Bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat menggunakan hasil ini sebagai referensi, namun dengan menambah metode lain atau dengan menambahkan variabel yang belum ada pada penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Karies Gigi; Kebiasaan Menyikat Gigi; Konsumsi Makanan Tinggi Gula.

Pengaruh ice massage terhadap intensitas keluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat Claudia Natalia Wokas; Angela Fitriani Clementine Kalesaran; Paul Artur Tennov Kawatu
Hik Vol. 19 No. 7 (2025): Volume 19 Nomor 7
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i7.1381

Background: Stevedores at Manado Port are a group of informal workers at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly low back pain, due to heavy workloads, long working hours, and poor ergonomic posture. One simple non-pharmacological intervention to reduce the intensity of low back pain is ice massage. Purpose: To determine the effect of ice massage on the intensity of low back pain complaints in stevedores. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design, consisting of two groups: an intervention group (ice massage) and a control group (no treatment). A total of 32 participants, 16 in each group, were selected as the sample. Pain levels were measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the intervention. Results: Data analysis using a paired t-test showed a significant reduction in low back pain intensity (p < 0.05) in the treatment group. The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant difference in pain intensity between the treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Ice massage has an effect on the intensity of lower back pain complaints in stevedores. Suggestion: Ice massage can be applied independently by stevedores to relieve lower back pain. Further research is recommended with a larger sample size and longer intervention period to strengthen the scientific evidence. Keywords: Ice Massage; Lower Back Pain; Stevedores. Pendahuluan: Tenaga kerja bongkar muat (TKBM) di Pelabuhan Manado merupakan kelompok pekerja informal yang berisiko tinggi mengalami gangguan muskuloskeletal, terutama nyeri punggung bawah akibat beban kerja berat, durasi kerja panjang, dan postur tubuh yang tidak ergonomis. Salah satu intervensi non-farmakologis sederhana untuk mengurangi intensitas nyeri punggung bawah tersebut adalah ice massage. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh ice massage terhadap intensitas keluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada Tenaga kerja bongkar muat. Metode: Desain kuasi-eksperimental menggunakan desain kelompok kontrol non-ekuivalen, yang terdiri dari dua kelompok, intervensi (ice massage) dan kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Total sampel sebanyak 32 partisipan, terdiri atas 16 orang di setiap kelompok. Tingkat nyeri diukur menggunakan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji-t sampel berpasangan menunjukkan penurunan intensitas nyeri pungguh bawah secara signifikan (p < 0.05) pada kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji-t sampel independen menunjukkan perbedaan itensitas nyeri yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p < 0.05). Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh ice massage terhadap intensitas keluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat. Saran: Ice massage dapat diterapkan secara mandiri oleh petugas TKBM untuk meredakan nyeri punggung bawah. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan dengan sampel lebih besar dan waktu intervensi lebih panjang untuk memperkuat bukti ilmiah. Kata Kunci: Ice Massage; Nyeri Punggung Bawah; Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat.

Analisis faktor lama kerja dan kebiasaan merokok terhadap kapasitas vital paru pekerja industri mebel Jessica Gladys Mingkid; Angela Fitriani Clementine Kalesaran; Fima Lanra Fredrik Gerarld Langi
Hik Vol. 19 No. 12 (2026): Volume 19 Nomor 12
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v19i12.1871

Background: The furniture industry is known to pose a high risk for respiratory health problems due to exposure to wood dust and behavioral factors such as smoking. Lung vital capacity may decline with increased exposure to respiratory irritants, and smoking can further impair pulmonary function. This condition is important to examine among furniture workers, who are frequently exposed to long-term occupational hazards. Purpose: To analyze the factors of length of work and smoking habits on the vital lung capacity of furniture industry workers. Method: A descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 62 furniture workers were included using total sampling. Lung vital capacity was measured using spirometry. Data on length of employment and smoking habits were collected through structured questionnaires. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationships between variables. Results: Of the 62 workers, 52 workers (83.9%) had impaired lung vital capacity, while 10 workers (16.1%) had normal lung vital capacity. The analysis showed no significant relationship between length of employment and lung vital capacity (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was found between smoking habits and lung vital capacity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most furniture industry workers in Touliang Oki Village experienced impaired lung vital capacity. Length of employment was not associated with lung vital capacity, whereas smoking habits were significantly related to decreased lung vital capacity. Efforts such as controlling risk factors, promoting smoking cessation, and conducting regular pulmonary health monitoring are recommended to protect workers’ health. Keywords: Furniture Industry Workers; Length of Employment; Lung Vital Capacity; Respiratory Function; Smoking Habits. Pendahuluan: Industri mebel merupakan salah satu sektor kerja yang memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap gangguan kesehatan pernapasan akibat paparan debu kayu serta faktor perilaku seperti merokok. Kapasitas vital paru dapat menurun seiring meningkatnya paparan iritan pernapasan dan kebiasaan merokok yang memperburuk fungsi paru. Kondisi ini penting untuk dikaji pada pekerja industri mebel yang memiliki paparan kerja jangka panjang. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor lama kerja dan kebiasaan merokok terhadap kapasitas vital paru pekerja industri mebel. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 62 pekerja industri mebel yang dipilih secara total sampling. Pengukuran kapasitas vital paru dilakukan menggunakan spirometri. Variabel lama kerja dan kebiasaan merokok dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis hubungan dilakukan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil: Dari 62 pekerja, sebanyak 52 pekerja (83.9%) mengalami gangguan kapasitas vital paru dan 10 pekerja (16.1%) memiliki kapasitas vital paru normal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara lama kerja dengan kapasitas vital paru (p > 0.05). Namun, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kapasitas vital paru (p < 0.05). Simpulan: Kapasitas vital paru pekerja industri mebel sebagian besar berada dalam kategori terganggu. Lama kerja tidak berhubungan dengan kapasitas vital paru, sedangkan kebiasaan merokok terbukti berhubungan dengan penurunan kapasitas vital paru. Upaya pengendalian faktor risiko, edukasi berhenti merokok, dan pemantauan kesehatan paru secara berkala perlu dilakukan untuk melindungi kesehatan pekerja. Kata Kunci: Kapasitas Vital Paru-paru; Kebiasaan Merokok; Lama Kerja; Pekerja Industri Mebel.

Hubungan antara masa kerja dan postur kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada petani daun bawang Aprillia Veronica Umboh; Grace Debbie Kandou; Angela Fitriani Clementine Kalesaran
Hik Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2371

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a major global occupational health problem, characterized by pain and limited mobility, which can potentially lead to disability and reduced productivity. Working hours and work posture are among the occupational risk factors that cause musculoskeletal complaints. Long working hours cause cumulative exposure, while non-ergonomic work postures increase body load imbalance. Onion leaf farmers work in a bent posture, perform repetitive movements, and carry heavy loads, which put them at risk of musculoskeletal complaints. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between work duration and work posture with musculoskeletal complaints among onion leaf farmers. Method: A quantitative study using a cross-sectional approach was conducted in January 2026 in Makaaroyen Village, South Minahasa. The sampling technique employed non-probability sampling, with a sample size of 58 respondents. The independent variables in this study were length of service and work posture, while the dependent variable was musculoskeletal complaints. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis in the form of frequency distributions and bivariate analysis using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents had worked for more than 10 years (86.2%), had high-risk work postures (58.6%), and had high levels of musculoskeletal complaints (77.6%). Spearman's rank test showed a significant relationship between length of service and musculoskeletal complaints (p=0.002; r=0.402) with a moderate strength of relationship, and a highly significant relationship between work posture and musculoskeletal complaints (p<0.001; r=0.640) with a strong strength of relationship. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between length of service and work posture with musculoskeletal complaints among spring onion farmers. Keywords: Farmers; Musculoskeletal Disorders; Work Duration; Work Posture. Pendahuluan: Gangguan muskuloskeletal merupakan masalah kesehatan kerja utama secara global, ditandai dengan nyeri dan keterbatasan mobilitas, yang berpotensi menyebabkan kecacatan dan penurunan produktivitas. Masa kerja dan postur kerja merupakan salah satu faktor risiko pekerjaan yang menyebabkan terjadinya keluhan muskuloskeletal. Masa kerja yang panjang menyebabkan paparan kumulatif, sedangkan postur kerja tidak ergonomis meningkatkan ketidakseimbangan beban tubuh. Petani daun bawang bekerja dengan postur membungkuk, gerakan repetitif, dan beban kerja berat yang berisiko menimbulkan keluhan muskuloskeletal. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan masa kerja dan postur kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada petani daun bawang. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dilaksanakan bulan Januari 2026 di Desa Makaaroyen, Minahasa Selatan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 58 responden. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah masa kerja dan postur kerja, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah yaitu keluhan muskuloskeletal. Analisis data yang digunakan univariate dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan bivariate menggunakan Spearman Rank. Hasil: Mayoritas responden memiliki masa kerja >10 tahun (86.2%), postur kerja pada kategori risiko tinggi (58.6%), dan kategori keluhan muskuloskeletal yang tinggi (77.6%). Uji Spearman Rank menunjukkan, hubungan signifikan antara masa kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal (p=0.002; r=.402) dengan kekuatan hubungan sedang, dan hubungan sangat signifikan antara postur kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal (p<0.001; r=0.640) dengan kekuatan hubungan kuat. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara masa kerja dan postur kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada petani daun bawang. Kata Kunci: Keluhan Muskuloskeletal; Masa Kerja; Petani; Postur Kerja.

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