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Enhancing Security Protocols for MANETs in 5G-Enabled Smart Healthcare Systems Alton Mabina
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Science Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63158/IJAIS.v2.i1.15

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and 5G technologies offer transformative capabilities for healthcare systems, especially in developing countries like Botswana. MANETs provide decentralized, flexible connectivity, while 5G ensures high-speed, low-latency communication—together enabling critical services such as telemedicine, real-time patient monitoring, and emergency response. However, their integration introduces significant security risks, including data breaches, unauthorized access, and system vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a Comprehensive Multi-Layer Security Framework to address these challenges, combining encryption, secure MANET routing protocols, 5G network slicing, blockchain authentication, and AI-driven intrusion detection. The framework aims to secure patient data at every network layer, enhancing system integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Implementation strategies include phased infrastructure development, workforce training, and the creation of data protection regulations. The study also emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and technology adaptation for resource-constrained environments. By adopting this model, Botswana can establish a secure, scalable healthcare infrastructure that supports innovation and improves access to quality care.

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Performance in Disaster Recovery Alton Mabina
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Science Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63158/IJAIS.v2i2.16

This study evaluates the performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) in disaster recovery, addressing the gap in existing research that primarily focuses on network performance metrics. The study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework, considering financial, user, process, and innovation perspectives. A quantitative approach is employed, synthesizing data from existing literature, case studies, and empirical research on MANET deployments in disaster scenarios. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are categorized into the four BSC dimensions: network efficiency (process), cost-effectiveness (financial), usability (user), and innovation capacity. The study finds that MANETs significantly enhance communication resilience during disasters but face challenges in scalability, energy consumption, and security. The BSC framework identifies high deployment feasibility and operational efficiency but highlights limitations in long-term sustainability and integration with satellite/terrestrial networks. Unlike previous studies focused solely on technical parameters, this research offers a holistic evaluation by integrating the BSC framework, providing a more comprehensive analysis. The findings suggest that adaptive routing, AI-driven optimizations, and hybrid MANET-Satellite models could improve network performance. Future research should explore real-world deployments, energy-efficient protocols, and enhanced security models using blockchain.

IoT in Healthcare: Infrastructure Challenges and Technical Feasibility for Adoption in Resource-Constrained Settings Alton Mabina
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63158/IJAIS.v3i1.72

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into healthcare is increasingly recognized as vital for improving patient outcomes, enhancing system efficiency, and addressing global health challenges. However, in resource constrained settings, adoption faces significant barriers that are often overlooked in existing literature. While prior studies emphasize IoT’s broad benefits, they provide limited empirical evidence on how devices perform under unstable connectivity, how they integrate with legacy hospital systems, and how they remain dependable amidst frequent power outages. This study therefore aimed to critically examine the infrastructure challenges and technical feasibility of IoT adoption in healthcare within such environments. Using the PRISMA methodology, a systematic review of peer reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 was conducted across IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on connectivity, interoperability, and reliability. The findings revealed that unstable internet connectivity, poor system integration, and limited fault tolerance and power resilience are the most pressing challenges. The results underscore the need for context specific frameworks that strengthen connectivity resilience, enable seamless interoperability with fragmented systems, and ensure robust reliability safeguards. In conclusion, while IoT holds transformative potential for healthcare delivery, its sustainable adoption in resource constrained settings depends on innovative, resilient, and context driven solutions tailored to infrastructural realities.

Challenges in IoMT Adoption in Healthcare: Focus on Ethics, Security, and Privacy Alton Mabina; Neo Rafifing; Boago Seropola; Thapelo Monageng; Pulafela Majoo
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 6 No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v6i4.960

This study highlights ethical, security, and privacy barriers to IoMT adoption in developing countries and proposes strategies like regulatory frameworks, data encryption, AI transparency, and professional training to address these challenges. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling real-time patient monitoring, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and supporting personalized treatments. However, significant privacy, security, and ethical challenges hinder its widespread adoption, particularly in underdeveloped nations. This study employs the PRISMA methodology to systematically review existing literature and identify key barriers to IoMT implementation in healthcare systems, with a focus on developing countries. Through a rigorous selection process, 80 studies were included in the analysis, revealing critical challenges such as inadequate data protection frameworks, ethical concerns around artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making, and risks of patient data exploitation. The findings provide actionable recommendations for policymakers, including the establishment of robust ethical guidelines, implementation of strong security measures, and use of advanced encryption techniques. Addressing these challenges is crucial to fostering the ethical and secure adoption of IoMT, ultimately improving healthcare outcomes globally Key recommendations for IoMT adoption include the implementation of advanced encryption techniques to safeguard patient data, the establishment of clear informed consent protocols, and the development of ethical guidelines to manage AI’s role in medical decision-making, ensuring transparency and patient autonomy.

Leveraging MANETs for Healthcare Improvement in Rural Botswana Alton Mabina; Boago Seropola; Neo Rafifing; Kalu Kalu
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 6 No 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v6i4.968

Rural health facilities in Botswana face significant challenges, including limited infrastructure, poor communication networks, and inadequate access to medical resources, which hinder quality healthcare delivery. This study investigates the feasibility and benefits of implementing Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in these underserved areas. A MANET is a decentralized wireless network where devices communicate directly with each other without relying on fixed infrastructure, allowing dynamic, self-configuring connections. Key solutions proposed include integrating MANETs with solar-powered systems to ensure continuous operation, developing localized health information systems to enhance data accessibility, and implementing community training programs to build local technical capacity. Additionally, designing resilient network architectures and collaborating with local telecom providers for hybrid solutions can improve reliability and coverage. Utilizing MANETs for real-time health monitoring and emergency alerts can enhance patient outcomes and response capabilities. The real-world implementation of MANETs is expected to improve emergency response times, reduce healthcare delivery delays, and facilitate faster decision-making in critical situations. This paper highlights the potential of MANETs to address healthcare disparities between rural and urban areas by providing sustainable, scalable, and reliable communication infrastructure. Future research should focus on extensive pilot programs, empirical data collection, and exploring the integration of advanced technologies to further enhance healthcare delivery in rural Botswana. These findings aim to inform policymakers and healthcare providers on adopting MANET technology to improve rural healthcare systems.

Usability of Mobile Learning Technologies in Open and Distance Learning Neo Rafifing; Joyce Mosinki; Alton Mabina; Boitshoko E Otlhomile; Ofaletse Mphole
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 7 No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v7i1.989

Mobile learning (m-learning) utilizes portable devices like smartphones and tablets for educational purposes and is gaining popularity, particularly in open and distance learning (ODL) contexts. This study explores the usability of mobile learning technologies among undergraduate students in ODL. An online survey questionnaire was administered to undergraduates enrolled in a Business course in Botswana and a usability conceptual model was developed. The findings revealed that predominant opportunities of using mobile learning technologies in ODL include improved student interaction and flexible learning schedules. Likewise, challenges embraced limited battery life, small screens, distractions from phone calls and notifications, and the high cost of internet bundles. To enhance adoption of mobile learning, the study recommends investments in infrastructure and internet connectivity. Furthermore, it suggests reducing internet costs through initiatives like government subsidies or partnerships with Telecom providers. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of training ODL educators and students in effective mobile learning technology utilization.

Exploring the Impact of IoT and Blockchain on Supply Chain Management in Developing Countries Neo Rafifing; Alton Mabina; Leatile W. Rafifing; Joyce Mosinki; Ofaletse Mphale
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 7 No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51519/journalisi.v7i1.997

The rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is having diverse effects on underdeveloped nations, influencing them in various ways. Developed countries have an advantage over underdeveloped countries since they embraced industrialization earlier, widening the gap between them. This comprehensive survey paper examines the multifaceted landscape of industry 4.0 in supply chain, shedding light on the potential challenges and key value drivers in the context of a developing country. Findings revealed that inadequate digital infrastructure, limited access to electricity, and a shortage of skilled workforce are the primary challenges faced by developing countries in the supply chain domain. The study systematically examines industry 4.0 technologies and indicates a 20-30% improvement in supply chain efficiency through the adoption of key technologies like IoT, AI, and blockchain. The study concludes by offering future research on industry 4.0 in supply chain management. The study results are assumed to offer insightful information to supply chain managers in developing countries, by enabling them with a deeper understanding of the major challenges and key drivers involved in integrating Industry 4.0 in their organizations and network.

ERP Adoption in Higher Education: A TAM-Based Analysis of Botswana’s Technical University Boitshoko Effort Otlhomile; Neo Rafifing; Ofaletse Mphale; Joyce Mosinki; Alton Mabina
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 7 No 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63158/journalisi.v7i4.1198

This study investigates ERP adoption at a technical university in Botswana using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It examines how Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Behavioural Intention (BI) influence Actual System Use (AU). Data were collected from administrative staff using a structured survey and analyzed using regression analysis. The results show that PEOU significantly influences both BI (R² = 0.964, p = 0.0029) and PU (R² = 0.864, p = 0.022), indicating that system usability is crucial for ERP adoption. Furthermore, PEOU positively impacts PU (R² = 0.817, p = 0.035), and BI strongly predicts AU (R² = 0.821, p = 0.034). These findings highlight the importance of user-friendly interfaces, comprehensive training programs, and institutional support to ensure successful ERP implementation. The research provides valuable insights for universities aiming to enhance operational efficiency, streamline data management, and improve decision-making processes through effective ERP adoption, particularly in developing countries like Botswana.

Challenges and Barriers of Technology Adoption Among Women in Open and Distance Learning: Evidence from Botswana Pulafela Akofhang Majoo; Neo Rafifing; Alton Mabina; Joyce Tlhoolebe; Innocent Gadilatolwe
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 7 No 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63158/journalisi.v7i4.1349

This study explores gender-specific challenges that affect women’s adoption of technology in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in developing countries, focusing on Botswana. It addresses the limited empirical understanding of how socio-economic, cultural, and digital literacy factors shape women’s ability to engage with technology-mediated education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 20 women enrolled in ODL programs, collecting data on technology access, digital competence, socio-economic background, and perceptions of institutional support. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including correlations and chi-square tests, were conducted using SPSS. The findings show that limited digital literacy and poor internet access are the main barriers, while higher education and income levels positively impact technology engagement. Socio-cultural norms and institutional support also play a role, though shifting gender roles are reducing traditional constraints. This study highlights the intersection of individual competencies and contextual factors, providing evidence of both technological and socio-cultural determinants of women’s participation in ODL. The results inform policy and suggest areas for future research on inclusive digital education strategies.

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