Vishwas Pendse
Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre

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Technology-Driven Prevention of Examination Paper Leaks in High-Stakes Educational Assessment to Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Bibliometric and Focused Literature Review Vishwas Pendse; Jaiprakash Paliwal; Manesh Palav; Abhay Bora; Atul Kumar; Srinivasa Rao Kasisomayajula; Sagar Nimbalkar; Shirish Raibagkar
ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology Vol 5, No 3 (2026): AJERT: VOLUME 5, ISSUE 3, December 2026
Publisher : Bumi Publikasi Nusantara

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Abstract

Examination paper leaks threaten educational equity, public trust, and merit-based selection in high-stakes educational assessment. This study examines technology-driven prevention of examination paper leaks to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a bibliometric and focused literature review. The review discusses blockchain-based question paper management, artificial intelligence (AI) proctoring, biometric authentication, cryptographic protection, digital watermarking, zero-knowledge proof frameworks, and generative AI-related academic integrity risks. Layered and policy-integrated technological approaches are needed to strengthen secure, fair, accountable, and SDG-oriented assessment systems.