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All Journal Denta: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi
Al- Sanaani, Safa Awadh
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Dentistry

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Age, Gender, and Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing: an Assessment of Periodontal Status among Yemeni Adults Alyamani, Khleg; Fauziah, Munaya; Purnamawati, Dewi; Dihartawan, Dihartawan; Al- wesabi, Mohammed Ali; Al- Sanaani, Saba Awadh; Al- Sanaani, Safa Awadh
Denta Journal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 20 No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/denta.v20i2.1

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is a major global public health problem affecting billions of people worldwide and remains highly prevalent in low-resource settings, including Yemen. Disease progression is influenced by biological and behavioral factors, including age, gender, and region-specific habits, such as khat chewing, which is widely practiced in the Yemeni population. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between khat chewing, age, gender, and periodontal status. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 570 Yemeni adult patients who attended outpatient dental clinics at the University of Science and Technology–Aden (UST), using data obtained from clinical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.Results: In the adjusted model, khat chewing was independently associated with periodontitis (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.36–3.15; p <  0.001). Participants aged >35 years had significantly higher odds of periodontitis (AOR = 3.93; 95% CI: 2.64–5.84; p< 0.001). No significant association was found between gender and periodontal status after adjustment. Conclusion: Khat chewing and older age were independent predictors of periodontitis, whereas gender showed no significant association.
Co-Authors Al- Sanaani, Saba Awadh Al- wesabi, Mohammed Ali Alyamani, Khleg Dewi Purnamawati Dihartawan, Dihartawan Munaya Fauziah