Panji Adam Agus Putra
Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung

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Keabsahan Akad Endorsement Intagram: Kajian Ijarah dan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata Nazwa Divalya Raya Gunadi; Panji Adam Agus Putra; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 149-156
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25061

Abstract

Abstract. The rapid growth of social media, particularly Instagram, has produced a new digital-marketing phenomenon in the form of endorsement services offered by influencers, most of which are arranged informally without written agreements, raising legal issues concerning contract validity, object clarity, and certainty of compensation. This study analyzes the endorsement practice of the Instagram account @selebgram_X from the perspective of fiqh muamalah, particularly the ijarah contract, and from the perspective of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), then compares the conformity between both perspectives. A qualitative descriptive-analytical case-study method was used, with data obtained through in-depth interviews with the account owner, content observation, and documentation of the rate card and Terms and Conditions. The findings show the practice is partially compliant with both legal systems: the pillars of ijarah are substantively fulfilled, yet conditions such as content display duration, halal verification of skincare products, and formal valuation of bartered ujrah remain unmet. The subjective requirements of Article 1320 are met, while the objective requirements need improvement. Both systems are complementary, converging on clarity, voluntariness, and fairness, and harmonization can be pursued through more comprehensive written agreements and consistent disclosure of paid content. Abstrak. Perkembangan media sosial, khususnya Instagram, melahirkan fenomena baru dalam pemasaran digital berupa praktik jasa endorsement oleh influencer yang umumnya dilakukan secara informal tanpa perjanjian tertulis, sehingga menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait keabsahan akad, kejelasan objek, dan kepastian kompensasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis praktik endorsement pada akun Instagram @selebgram_X dari perspektif fikih muamalah, khususnya akad ijarah, serta dari perspektif Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, kemudian mengomparasikan kesesuaian kedua perspektif tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif-analisis dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik akun, observasi konten, serta dokumentasi rate card dan Terms and Conditions (TNC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan praktik endorsement @selebgram_X bersifat partially compliant terhadap kedua sistem hukum. Rukun ijarah terpenuhi secara substantif, namun sejumlah syarat seperti durasi tayang konten, verifikasi kehalalan produk skincare, dan penyetaraan nilai ujrah barter belum terpenuhi optimal sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan gharar. Dari perspektif KUHPerdata, syarat subjektif terpenuhi, sedangkan syarat objektif, terutama kejelasan objek perjanjian, memerlukan penyempurnaan. Kedua sistem hukum terbukti bersifat komplementer, sama-sama menghendaki kejelasan, kesukarelaan, dan keadilan, sehingga harmonisasi dapat ditempuh melalui penyusunan perjanjian tertulis yang lebih komprehensif dan penerapan disclosure konten berbayar secara konsisten.
Keabsahan Jual Beli Ijon Padi Perspektif Istihsan, 'Urf, dan Maslahah Mursalah Aulia Aniatun Nisa; Panji Adam Agus Putra; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 319-328
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25888

Abstract

Abstract. The practice of buying and selling rice through the ijon system in Karangtengah Village, Kadungora Subdistrict, Garut Regency, remains a common practice among the community to meet their economic needs prior to the harvest season. However, this practice raises issues such as uncertainty regarding the subject matter of the contract, unreasonable pricing, and the potential for gharar and injustice in transactions. This study aims to examine the mechanism of rice buying and selling under the ijon system while assessing its validity from the perspectives of istihsan, 'urf and maslahah mursalah. This study employs a normative-empirical research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through observation and in depth interviews with five farmers, two grain collectors (tengkulak) and one farmers' group leader selected through purposive sampling, while secondary data were obtained from the Qur'an, Hadith, the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law, and literature on muamalah fiqh. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that transactions are conducted verbally with cash payments based on an assessment of the rice crop condition prior to harvest. This practice contains elements of gharar and ghubn fahisy, therefore, from the perspectives of istihsan, 'urf and maslahah mursalah, it is deemed invalid due to uncertainty regarding the subject matter of the contract and the imbalance of risk in the transaction. A salam contract is recommended as an alternative transaction that better ensures certainty regarding the subject matter and fair pricing for farmers. Abstrak. Praktik transaksi jual beli padi melalui sistem ijon di Desa Karangtengah, Kecamatan Kadungora, Kabupaten Garut, masih berkembang sebagai bentuk kebiasaan masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi sebelum masa panen. Meskipun demikian, praktik tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan berupa ketidakpastian objek akad, ketidakwajaran harga, serta potensi gharar dan ketidakadilan dalam transaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme jual beli padi sistem ijon sekaligus menilai keabsahannya berdasarkan perspektif istihsan, 'urf, dan maslahah mursalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap lima petani, dua pedagang pengumpul (tengkulak), dan satu ketua kelompok tani yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, sedangkan data sekunder bersumber dari Al-Qur'an, Hadis, Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, serta literatur fikih muamalah. Data dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transaksi dilakukan secara lisan dengan pembayaran tunai berdasarkan penaksiran terhadap kondisi tanaman padi sebelum panen. Praktik tersebut mengandung unsur gharar dan ghubn fahisy, sehingga berdasarkan perspektif istihsan, 'urf, dan maslahah mursalah dinilai tidak sah karena terdapat ketidakpastian objek akad dan ketidakseimbangan risiko dalam transaksi. Akad salam disarankan sebagai alternatif transaksi yang lebih menjamin kepastian objek dan keadilan harga bagi petani.