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All Journal IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA)
Anang Setiawan
Universitas Pertahanan RI
Automotive Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Rekayasa Material, Desain Struktural, dan Mekanisme Disipasi Energi: Tinjauan Komposit Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Cetak 3D untuk Aplikasi Peredaman Tingkat Lanjut M. Alif Safril Hudya; Anang Setiawan; Dustin Kaban; Hizkia Ginting; Angga Purba; Fikri Muzhaffar; Haniel Sitorus
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v5i2.411

Abstract

Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) exhibits good elasticity, impact resistance, and viscoelastic properties, making it promising for energy dissipation applications. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables the development of complex structures, including lattice, auxetic, and Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS). This systematic review analyzed 50 articles published between 2020 and 2026 from Scopus/ScienceDirect, Nature, and MDPI using the PRISMA 2020 approach. The review focused on energy dissipation mechanisms, TPU composite engineering, and structural design optimization. The synthesis showed that TPMS improved energy dissipation efficiency by 30–40% compared with honeycomb structures, while auxetic structures increased impact energy absorption by up to 45%. Adding graphene, carbon nanotubes, and TPU/PLA blends increased mechanical modulus by 20–60% but could reduce the damping ratio by 5–15%. Material engineering supports manufacturing stability, whereas geometric optimization primarily determines energy dissipation performance. Key research gaps include multifunctional materials, functionally graded TPMS, and machine-learning-based optimization.
Peningkatan Sifat Mekanik Komposit Aluminium yang Diperkuat dengan Material Berbasis Grafena: Tinjauan Metode dan Aplikasi Fabrikasi Angga Alfredo Purba; Hizkia Ginting; Ida Farida; Anang Setiawan; Rando Tungga Dewa
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v5i2.452

Abstract

Graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) have strong potential as lightweight materials with enhanced mechanical performance. This systematic review examined fabrication methods, optimal compositions, and mechanical improvements in AMCs reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), graphene nanosheets (GNS), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The review covered 25 indexed international journal articles published between 2012 and 2024 from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, with article selection following the PRISMA framework. The findings show that planetary ball milling, powder metallurgy, sintering, friction-stir-based processing, wet coating, and High Pressure Torsion (HPT) vary in effectiveness in achieving graphene dispersion and interfacial bonding. Hardness increased by up to 43%, tensile strength by 317%, and yield strength by 25% with rGO contents below 1 wt.%. HPT increased hardness from 64 to 122 HV at 0.25 wt.%, while RFSSW improved shear strength by 31% and fracture toughness by 20%. Key research gaps include limited hybrid fabrication studies and the lack of standardized industrial-scale testing parameters.
Laminasi Vakum dan Pengikatan Antar Lapisan pada Pelat Balistik Hibrida: Tinjauan Singkat Judika Landung Butarbutar; Eka Irianto Bhiftime; Haniel Christo Hong Sitorus; Angga Alfredo Purba; Alif Safril Hudya; Anang Setiawan
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v5i2.464

Abstract

Multilayer hybrid ballistic plates have been developed to provide lightweight protection with high penetration resistance. In these structures, interlayer bonding is critical because poor adhesion can promote delamination and reduce ballistic performance. This article presents a mini review of studies published between 2015 and 2026, focusing on adhesive properties, surface preparation, vacuum lamination, void formation, and ballistic performance. The reviewed studies indicate that adhesive bonding and vacuum-based lamination techniques can improve consolidation and promote more uniform adhesive distribution in hybrid armor systems. Appropriate vacuum pressure can also reduce void formation, thereby improving interlayer bonding quality compared with conventional methods. In addition to processing conditions, adhesive elastic modulus and thickness, as well as surface roughness, affect delamination resistance. This review maps the relationship between vacuum lamination parameters, interlayer bonding quality, and ballistic performance, providing a basis for developing more reliable hybrid ballistic plates. The synthesis also highlights the importance of controlling bonding conditions to achieve consistent structural performance.
Kajian Literatur: Metode Penguatan UHMWPE dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kemampuan Serap Energi pada Sistem Pelindung Balistik Haniel Christo Hong Sitorus; Hizkia Ginting; M. Alif Safril Hudya; Anang Setiawan; Rando Tungga Dewa; Judika Landung Butarbutar
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v5i2.456

Abstract

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a polymer material widely used in ballistic protection systems due to its low density, high specific strength, and excellent energy absorption capability. This article aims to systematically review various UHMWPE reinforcement methods, compare their effectiveness, identify the most promising methods, and evaluate their effects on the mechanical properties and energy absorption performance of the material in ballistic protection applications. The method used is a systematic literature review following the PRISMA framework (Identification, Screening, Eligibility, and Inclusion). Literature was collected from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Springer databases in period 30 years. Of the 86 articles initially identified, 42 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively and comparatively, covering crystallinity modification, gamma irradiation crosslinking, vitamin E stabilization, and the incorporation of reinforcing materials such as graphene, carbon nanotube, aramid, and carbon fiber. The results indicate that increased crystallinity and crosslink formation improve hardness, tensile strength, wear resistance, and structural stability under impact loading. The addition of vitamin E effectively inhibits oxidative degradation and improves fatigue resistance by approximately 30%, while nano-based fillers such as graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes significantly enhance mechanical strength and energy dissipation capability. Overall, the combination of gamma-irradiation crosslinking with nano-filler reinforcement shows the greatest potential for improving the performance of UHMWPE as a lightweight ballistic protection material with high energy absorption capability.  
Co-Authors Alif Safril Hudya Angga Alfredo Purba Angga Purba Dustin Kaban Eka Irianto Bhiftime Fikri Muzhaffar Haniel Christo Hong Sitorus Haniel Sitorus Hizkia Ginting Ida Farida Judika Landung Butarbutar M. Alif Safril Hudya Rando Tungga Dewa