<![CDATA[This study analyzes a collaborative model for Social Forestry management based on customary institutions and local wisdom in West Sumatra. The study responds to the problem that formal Social Forestry permits do not automatically produce effective and sustainable forest governance, especially in customary-based nagari communities. Using a qualitative multi-case study design, this research examines four nagari: Paru in Sijunjung Regency, Pasia Laweh in Agam Regency, Sirukam in Solok Regency, and Halaban in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation studies, then analyzed thematically using the collaborative governance framework of Ansell and Gash. The findings show that collaboration is shaped by starting conditions, facilitative leadership, institutional design, and collaborative process. Pasia Laweh and Sirukam represent an autonomous-adaptive collaboration model supported by strong customary legitimacy, social capital, local leadership, and adaptive institutional arrangements. Halaban represents an external facilitative collaboration model, where NGO support strengthens local capacity and forest restoration activities. Paru shows collaborative failure due to elite domination, weak accountability, illegal gold mining pressure, low trust, and limited facilitative leadership. The study concludes that effective Social Forestry governance requires a hybrid collaborative model that combines state legality, customary legitimacy, facilitative leadership, and continuous multi-actor learning. Local wisdom functions not only as a cultural value, but also as a governance mechanism for building trust, consensus, and collective responsibility in forest management.]]>
