Introduction: The prevalence of anemia and the risk of chronic energy deficiency in women of childbearing age greatly affect the health of children at birth, including the potential for low birth weight. Anemia in pregnant women can lead to fetal growth disorders, miscarriage, prolonged labor, puerperal sepsis, and maternal and fetal death. Uncontrolled anemia in adolescents and women of reproductive age (15–49 years) poses risks to pregnancy, childbirth, and pregnancy outcomes. Adolescent health is crucial as it determines future reproductive health. Adolescent girls are at higher risk of anemia because they tend to experience greater blood loss during menstruation. Research objective to determine the effect of anemia education on knowledge and compliance with iron tablet consumption among female undergraduate nursing students at ‘Aisyiyah University Yogyakarta. Methods: The research method used was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of students in their second and fourth semesters, with the criteria being female students aged 18-24 years who consumed iron tablets, selected using purposive sampling with a total of 32 respondents. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed a p-value of 0.000 for compliance and a p-value of 0.002 for knowledge. Conclusion: There is an effect of anemia education on knowledge and compliance with iron tablet consumption among undergraduate nursing students at Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta.