Jusalim Sammak
Institut Agama Islam Darul Dakwah Al-Irsyad (IAI-DDI) Maros

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Silariang in Bugis-Makassar Culture: Civil Rights Protection Based on Islamic Law, Customary Law, and Maqâshid al-Syarî‘ah Jusalim Sammak; Nurrohman Nurrohman; Harry Yuniardi; Budi Tresnayadi
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 30, No 1 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v30i1.12561

Abstract

This study analyzes the forms and mechanisms of silariang marriage, its causes, legal implications for family status and civil rights protection, and its relevance within maqâshid al-syarî‘ah in Bugis-Makassar society. It employs qualitative descriptive-analytical field research using normative-juridical, sociological, and maqâshidî perspectives. Research was conducted in six South Sulawesi regencies: Maros, Bone, Gowa, Takalar, Jeneponto, and Bulukumba. Primary data came from 102 silariang participants, 72 community or religious leaders, and 18 Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) officials through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model. Analysis involved data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to compare participants, local leaders, and institutional perspectives systematically across study sites. Findings show that silariang generally occurs as an unregistered marriage facilitated by a wali hakim or religious leader because the wali nasab withholds consent. Causes include family factors such as parental rejection and arranged marriage, economic factors involving high uang panai’, customary factors involving social stratification or sayye, and social factors such as premarital pregnancy. The practice creates legal uncertainty concerning marriage registration, inheritance rights, children’s lineage, and protection of wives’ rights. From a maqâshid al-syarî‘ah perspective, a dialectic arises between hifzh al-nasl and hifzh al-dîn, prioritized by religious leaders, and hifzh al-‘irdh, prioritized by customary leaders to preserve family siri’. The study recommends strengthening KUA’s role in resolving wali ‘adhal cases and facilitating itsbat nikah, educating communities on reasonable mahar and uang panai’, and revitalizing abbaji’ as a local-wisdom-based reconciliation mechanism without compromising family civil rights. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk dan mekanisme perkawinan silariang, faktor penyebabnya, implikasi hukum terhadap status dan perlindungan hak keperdataan keluarga, serta relevansinya dalam kerangka maqâshid al-syarî‘ah pada masyarakat Bugis-Makassar. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui penelitian lapangan deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan normatif-yuridis, sosiologis, dan maqâshidî. Penelitian dilakukan di enam kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan, yaitu Maros, Bone, Gowa, Takalar, Jeneponto, dan Bulukumba. Data primer diperoleh dari 102 pelaku silariang, 72 tokoh masyarakat atau agama, dan 18 pejabat Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana. Analisis dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan untuk membandingkan pengalaman pelaku, tokoh lokal, dan perspektif kelembagaan secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa silariang umumnya berlangsung dalam bentuk perkawinan tidak tercatat (nikah siri) yang difasilitasi wali hakim atau tokoh agama karena wali nasab tidak memberikan persetujuan. Faktor penyebabnya meliputi faktor keluarga berupa penolakan orang tua dan perjodohan, faktor ekonomi berupa tingginya uang panai’, faktor adat berupa perbedaan stratifikasi sosial atau sayye, serta faktor sosial berupa kehamilan di luar nikah. Praktik ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum terkait pencatatan perkawinan, hak waris, nasab anak, dan perlindungan hak istri. Dalam perspektif maqâshid al-syarî‘ah, terdapat dialektika antara hifzh al-nasl dan hifzh al-dîn yang diprioritaskan tokoh agama dengan hifzh al-‘irdh yang diprioritaskan tokoh adat untuk menjaga siri’ keluarga. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan peran KUA dalam penyelesaian wali adhal dan itsbat nikah, edukasi mengenai kewajaran mahar dan uang panai’, serta revitalisasi abbaji’ sebagai mekanisme rekonsiliasi berbasis kearifan lokal tanpa mengorbankan hak-hak keperdataan keluarga.