<![CDATA[Background: Social security is a critical component of national social protection systems aimed at ensuring decent living standards. In Indonesia, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan administers five employment social security programs, yet its coverage remains at only 31.3% of the 144.64 million working population as of 2024, indicating a significant coverage gap particularly in the informal sector. Objective: This research aims to formulate a strategy to increase BPJS Ketenagakerjaan membership by integrating individual behavioral perspectives and institutional support. Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, this study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) analyzed through SEM-PLS to examine employee intentions, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine policy priorities. The study involved 350 respondents from various employment segments across Indonesia. Results: SEM-PLS results indicate that attitude (path coefficient 0.360) and perceived behavioral control/PBC (0.268) are the main determinants that significantly influence employee intention to participate, while subjective norms also showed significant albeit weaker influence (0.144). Trust and knowledge as moderating variables showed no significant moderating effect. AHP analysis identified that the government regulation criterion has the highest priority weight of 0.321. The strategic priorities are: (1) contribution subsidy from national/regional budgets (0.220), (2) strengthening mandatory membership regulation (0.213), (3) massive education and literacy (0.201), (4) national data integration (0.185), and (5) service digitalization (0.183). Conclusion: The integration of TPB and AHP provides a comprehensive analytical framework that contributes to both behavioral understanding and policy formulation for increasing BPJS Ketenagakerjaan membership towards inclusive universal coverage.]]>
