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The Impact of Varying Alginate Co-activation with Probiotics on the Artemia Bioencapsulation to Enhance Immunity Against Vibrio spp. Suryono, Chrisna Adhi; Santoso, Adi; Yudiati, Ervia; Yulianto, Bambang; Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Azhar, Nuril; Alghazeer, Rabia
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 3 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.3.372-384

Abstract

Alginate is known as an immunostimulant. The comprehensive study of Artemia on its co-activity with Lactobacillus bulgaricus resolves the relationship of feed digestibility, hematological parameters, gene expression, feed digestibility, and disease-resistant have not been covered. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses alginate with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bio-encapsulated Artemia in Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi challenged. Alginate from Sargassum sp. L. bulgaricus were cultured and grown with de Man, Rogosa and Shape media. Nauplii Artemia was encapsulated for one hour with 400, 600, 800 ppm alginate doses, with and without probiotics. The Artemia then was challenged with three Vibrio spp. The Artemia mortality, immune parameters (Phenol Oxidase, Super-oxide Dismutase) were evaluated. Pro Phenol Oxidase, b-1,3-glucan-binding proteins (LGBP), and Lectin gene expression as well as gut evacuation time, fullness of gut were recorded.  Compared to the non-probiotic alginate, co- probiotic activated and improved the mortality rate of 400 ppm alginate from 100% to 30-70% (36 h), CMI of 276-702, and mortality reduction (41.21-74.59%). The co-activity of 400 ppm alginate and L. bulgaricus resulted in higher PO and SOD activity. LGBP and proPO gene expression were also upregulated 233.44% and 185.17%. The gut evacuation time and fullness of alginate 400 ppm and L. bulgaricus treatment have also resulted in better performance than those of 800 ppm alginate without probiotics. Alginate and L. bulgaricus probiotics cooperated synergically through pre and probiotic mechanisms. This Artemia bio model defines that this combination will improve the survival rate, immune system, and gene expression. In the future this will be beneficial in terms of shrimp production in ponds.
The Effect of Enhancing Ulvan's Antioxidant Properties in Supplemented Diets on Accelerating The Phenoloxidase Immune Response in White Shrimp Azhar, Nuril; Yudiati, Ervia; Ambariyanto; Trianto, Agus
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 6 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.6.1116-1129

Abstract

This study investigated the total phenol content (TPC) and DPPH inhibition of ulvan from Ulva lactuca, along with its supplementation effects on the specific growth rate (SGR) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Ulva lactuca samples were processed to obtain four ulvan extracts using different methods such as P-HWE (Polysaccharide-Hot Water Extract), O-HWE (Oligosaccharide-Hot Water Extract), P-A-HWE (Polysaccharide-Acid-Hot Water Extract), and O-A-HWE (Oligosaccharide-Acid-Hot Water Extract). The U. lactuca powder was treated with 80% ethanol overnight, then centrifuged and dried. Depigmented U. lactuca was extracted with water (65°C, 2 hours), and polysaccharides were precipitated with 99% ethanol, yielding P-HWE. P-HWE was heated at 145°C for 4.5 hours to yield O-HWE. Another extraction after depigmentation, using water containing H2O2 and ascorbic acid (65°C, 2 hours), precipitated P-A-HWE, which was dried and heated to yield O-A-HWE. FTIR analysis provided insights into the chemical composition and structural characteristics of ulvan extracts. TPC and DPPH inhibition were measured spectrophotometrically, and PO activity using a colorimetric assay with L-DOPA. Ulvan supplementation in shrimp feed was evaluated for growth and immune response. Results showed significant differences in TPC, DPPH inhibition, and PO activity among extracts, with O-A-HWE having the highest phenol content and DPPH inhibition. Ulvan supplementation significantly influenced the SGR of L. vannamei, with the highest SGR in the O-A-HWE treatment. This study suggests that ulvan extracts, especially O-A-HWE, could be effective natural immunostimulants for enhancing the health and growth of L. vannamei, warranting further research to optimize extraction methods and understand the underlying mechanisms.
IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ULVAN ON TRYPSIN-MEDIATED PROTEIN DIGESTION IN THE GUT OF PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) Azhar, Nuril; Yudiati, Ervia; Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto; Alghazeer, Rabia; Trianto, Agus
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 1 (2024): (Maret 2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.1.2024.45-56

Abstract

Litopenaeus vannamei has emerged in the aquaculture industry. Production consistency, nutrition, and disease management play critical roles, particularly the digestive enzymes such as trypsin. This study assesses Ulvan, an immunostimulant from Ulva lactuca, on shrimp trypsin activity. Trypsin has been found to significantly enhance the activity of hemocyanin phenoloxidase, a crucial component of humoral immunity. This study aims to evaluate the potency of ulvan related to trypsin as an immunostimulant agent, extracted from Ulva sp.  Ulvan, extracted using various methods (P-HWE, O-HWE, P-A-HWE, and O-A-HWE), was evaluated using different doses of (0 g kg-1 (Control), 0.75 g kg-1 (ULV-0.75), 1.50 g kg-1 (ULV-1.50), and 3.00 g kg-1 (ULV-3.00) of feed). The O-A-HWE exhibited the fastest and highest increase in trypsin activity on day 4, surpassing the control on days 2, 3, 7, and 8. The P-HWE, O-HWE, and P-A-HWE also showed significant changes in trypsin activity compared to the control on specific days. Meanwhile, trypsin activity in Ulvan-fed shrimp did not significantly differ from the control on days 0 and 1. The differences emerged on day 2 and 3, notably between ULV-1.50 g kg−1 and ULV-0.75 g kg−1. The ULV-3.00 g kg−1 showed no significant difference from ULV-1.50 g kg−1. O-A-HWE demonstrated significant differences in trypsin activity compared to other Ulvan extracts, suggesting its potential to enhance shrimp health.Litopenaeus vannamei memiliki peran yang besar dalam industri akuakultur. Konsistensi dalam produksi, nutrisi, dan pengelolaan terhadap penyakit merupakan bagian yang sangat penting, terutama enzim pencernaan, di antaranya tripsin. Tripsin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan fenoloksidase hemosianin, yang peranannya penting untuk kekebalan. Studi ini mengevaluasi Ulvan, yaitu bahan yang bersifat imunostimulan dari Ulva sp., terhadap aktivitas tripsin udang. Ulvan, diekstraksi menggunakan berbagai metode (P-HWE, O-HWE, P-A-HWE, dan O-A-HWE), dievaluasi menggunakan perlakuan dosis yang berbeda (0 g kg-1 (Kontrol), 0,75 g kg-1 (ULV-0,75), 1,50 g kg-1 (ULV-1,50), dan 3,00 g kg-1 (ULV-3,00) pada pemeliharaan udang vaname selama 10 hari. O-A-HWE menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas tripsin tercepat dan tertinggi pada hari ke-4, melebihi kontrol pada hari ke-2, 3, 7, dan 8. P-HWE, O-HWE, dan P-A-HWE juga menunjukkan perubahan signifikan dalam aktivitas tripsin dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada hari-hari tertentu. Sementara aktivitas tripsin dalam udang yang diberi Ulvan tidak berbeda secara signifikan dari kontrol pada hari ke-0 dan 1, perbedaan mulai terlihat pada hari ke-2 dan 3, terutama antara ULV-1,50 g kg−1 dan ULV-0,75 g kg−1. ULV-3,00 g kg−1 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dari ULV-1,50 g kg−1. O-A-HWE menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dalam aktivitas tripsin dibandingkan dengan ekstrak Ulvan lainnya, sehingga berpotensi dalam meningkatkan kesehatan udang.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, SURVIVAL RATE, AND RESISTANCE AGAINST AHPND OF Litopenaeus vannamei JUVENILES FED WITH SYNBIOTIC BIO-ENCAPSULATED ARTEMIA Yudiati, Ervia; Azhar, Nuril
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 3 (2024): September (2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.3.2024.191-201

Abstract

The whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a highly valued aquaculture species globally, yet its production faces challenges due to disease outbreaks, notably acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). This study aimed to evaluate the growth and survival of L. vannamei juveniles fed with synbiotic bio-encapsulated Artemia and their resilience against AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus and salinity stress. The experiment employed a completely randomized design with two treatments: one with synbiotic-enriched Artemia (600 ppm alginate and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and a control without synbiotic. Each treatment was replicated five times, using 600 juveniles at a density of 30 post-larvae per L over a 14-day rearing period. Growth and survival metrics were recorded, followed by challenge tests for AHPND and salinity shock. The juveniles' survival rate was recorded 54 hours post-infection with VpAHPND and every 10 minutes for 230 minutes after salinity exposure until 100% mortality. Results indicated higher survival (92.0 ± 9%), length gain (243.33 ± 18.80 mm), specific growth rate (18.44±2.01%), and stress tolerance in juveniles fed synbiotic encapsulated Artemia compared to the control. The survival rates for the challenge test with AHPND and salinity shock were similarly improved under synbiotic treatment, suggesting that synbiotics significantly benefit nursery production of L. vannamei. This study highlights the potential of synbiotic application in enhancing the resilience and growth of L. vannamei against common stressors in aquaculture, indicating its potential to support more sustainable shrimp farming practices.Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) adalah komoditas budidaya bernilai tinggi di seluruh dunia, namun produksinya menghadapi tantangan akibat wabah penyakit, terutama serangan acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih L. vannamei yang diberi pakan Artemia yang dibioenkapsulasi dengan sinbiotik serta ketahanannya terhadap Vibrio parahaemolyticus penyebab AHPND dan stres salinitas. Eksperimen ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua perlakuan: satu dengan Artemia diperkaya sinbiotik (600 ppm alginat dan Lactobacillus bulgaricus) dan kontrol tanpa sinbiotik. Setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali, dengan menggunakan 600 ekor benih udang pada kepadatan 30 ekor pascalarva per L selama 14 hari periode pemeliharaan. Parameter pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup dicatat, diikuti dengan uji tantang terhadap AHPND dan kejutan salinitas. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih dicatat 54 jam pasca-infeksi dengan VpAHPND dan setiap 10 menit selama 230 menit setelah paparan salinitas hingga mortalitas mencapai 100%. Hasil menunjukkan kelangsungan hidup yang lebih tinggi (92,0 ± 9%), peningkatan panjang (243,33 ± 18,80 mm), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (18,44 ± 2,01%), dan toleransi stres yang lebih baik pada benih udang yang diberi pakan Artemia berenkapsulasi sinbiotik dibanding kontrol. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup pada uji tantang dengan AHPND dan kejutan salinitas juga meningkat dengan perlakuan sinbiotik, menunjukkan bahwa sinbiotik memberikan manfaat signifikan pada produksi L. vannamei fase pendederan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya potensi aplikasi sinbiotik dalam meningkatkan ketahanan dan pertumbuhan L. vannamei terhadap stresor umum dalam akuakultur, serta potensinya untuk mendukung kegiatan budidaya udang yang lebih berkelanjutan.