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The Impact of Varying Alginate Co-activation with Probiotics on the Artemia Bioencapsulation to Enhance Immunity Against Vibrio spp. Suryono, Chrisna Adhi; Santoso, Adi; Yudiati, Ervia; Yulianto, Bambang; Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Azhar, Nuril; Alghazeer, Rabia
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 29, No 3 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.29.3.372-384

Abstract

Alginate is known as an immunostimulant. The comprehensive study of Artemia on its co-activity with Lactobacillus bulgaricus resolves the relationship of feed digestibility, hematological parameters, gene expression, feed digestibility, and disease-resistant have not been covered. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses alginate with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bio-encapsulated Artemia in Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi challenged. Alginate from Sargassum sp. L. bulgaricus were cultured and grown with de Man, Rogosa and Shape media. Nauplii Artemia was encapsulated for one hour with 400, 600, 800 ppm alginate doses, with and without probiotics. The Artemia then was challenged with three Vibrio spp. The Artemia mortality, immune parameters (Phenol Oxidase, Super-oxide Dismutase) were evaluated. Pro Phenol Oxidase, b-1,3-glucan-binding proteins (LGBP), and Lectin gene expression as well as gut evacuation time, fullness of gut were recorded.  Compared to the non-probiotic alginate, co- probiotic activated and improved the mortality rate of 400 ppm alginate from 100% to 30-70% (36 h), CMI of 276-702, and mortality reduction (41.21-74.59%). The co-activity of 400 ppm alginate and L. bulgaricus resulted in higher PO and SOD activity. LGBP and proPO gene expression were also upregulated 233.44% and 185.17%. The gut evacuation time and fullness of alginate 400 ppm and L. bulgaricus treatment have also resulted in better performance than those of 800 ppm alginate without probiotics. Alginate and L. bulgaricus probiotics cooperated synergically through pre and probiotic mechanisms. This Artemia bio model defines that this combination will improve the survival rate, immune system, and gene expression. In the future this will be beneficial in terms of shrimp production in ponds.
IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ULVAN ON TRYPSIN-MEDIATED PROTEIN DIGESTION IN THE GUT OF PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) Azhar, Nuril; Yudiati, Ervia; Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto; Alghazeer, Rabia; Trianto, Agus
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 19, No 1 (2024): (Maret 2024)
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jra.19.1.2024.45-56

Abstract

Litopenaeus vannamei has emerged in the aquaculture industry. Production consistency, nutrition, and disease management play critical roles, particularly the digestive enzymes such as trypsin. This study assesses Ulvan, an immunostimulant from Ulva lactuca, on shrimp trypsin activity. Trypsin has been found to significantly enhance the activity of hemocyanin phenoloxidase, a crucial component of humoral immunity. This study aims to evaluate the potency of ulvan related to trypsin as an immunostimulant agent, extracted from Ulva sp.  Ulvan, extracted using various methods (P-HWE, O-HWE, P-A-HWE, and O-A-HWE), was evaluated using different doses of (0 g kg-1 (Control), 0.75 g kg-1 (ULV-0.75), 1.50 g kg-1 (ULV-1.50), and 3.00 g kg-1 (ULV-3.00) of feed). The O-A-HWE exhibited the fastest and highest increase in trypsin activity on day 4, surpassing the control on days 2, 3, 7, and 8. The P-HWE, O-HWE, and P-A-HWE also showed significant changes in trypsin activity compared to the control on specific days. Meanwhile, trypsin activity in Ulvan-fed shrimp did not significantly differ from the control on days 0 and 1. The differences emerged on day 2 and 3, notably between ULV-1.50 g kg−1 and ULV-0.75 g kg−1. The ULV-3.00 g kg−1 showed no significant difference from ULV-1.50 g kg−1. O-A-HWE demonstrated significant differences in trypsin activity compared to other Ulvan extracts, suggesting its potential to enhance shrimp health.Litopenaeus vannamei memiliki peran yang besar dalam industri akuakultur. Konsistensi dalam produksi, nutrisi, dan pengelolaan terhadap penyakit merupakan bagian yang sangat penting, terutama enzim pencernaan, di antaranya tripsin. Tripsin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan fenoloksidase hemosianin, yang peranannya penting untuk kekebalan. Studi ini mengevaluasi Ulvan, yaitu bahan yang bersifat imunostimulan dari Ulva sp., terhadap aktivitas tripsin udang. Ulvan, diekstraksi menggunakan berbagai metode (P-HWE, O-HWE, P-A-HWE, dan O-A-HWE), dievaluasi menggunakan perlakuan dosis yang berbeda (0 g kg-1 (Kontrol), 0,75 g kg-1 (ULV-0,75), 1,50 g kg-1 (ULV-1,50), dan 3,00 g kg-1 (ULV-3,00) pada pemeliharaan udang vaname selama 10 hari. O-A-HWE menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas tripsin tercepat dan tertinggi pada hari ke-4, melebihi kontrol pada hari ke-2, 3, 7, dan 8. P-HWE, O-HWE, dan P-A-HWE juga menunjukkan perubahan signifikan dalam aktivitas tripsin dibandingkan dengan kontrol pada hari-hari tertentu. Sementara aktivitas tripsin dalam udang yang diberi Ulvan tidak berbeda secara signifikan dari kontrol pada hari ke-0 dan 1, perbedaan mulai terlihat pada hari ke-2 dan 3, terutama antara ULV-1,50 g kg−1 dan ULV-0,75 g kg−1. ULV-3,00 g kg−1 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dari ULV-1,50 g kg−1. O-A-HWE menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dalam aktivitas tripsin dibandingkan dengan ekstrak Ulvan lainnya, sehingga berpotensi dalam meningkatkan kesehatan udang.