River Hutajulu
Universitas Riau Kepulauan

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Restorative Justice dan Diskresi Kepolisian dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia River Hutajulu; Alwan Hadiyanto; Ciptono Ciptono
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13932

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal position of restorative justice within the Indonesian criminal justice system and its implementation by the Indonesian National Police based on Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021. The research focuses on two main issues, namely the legal position of restorative justice within the framework of the national criminal justice system and its implementation by the police at the stages of inquiry and investigation. The background of this study arises from the dominance of the retributive approach in criminal law enforcement, which has not fully ensured victim recovery and has contributed to prison overcrowding. This research employs a normative juridical method using a statute approach and a conceptual approach through the analysis of relevant legislation and legal concepts. The findings indicate that restorative justice possesses normative legitimacy as a mechanism for resolving criminal cases oriented toward recovery; however, its implementation by the police still encounters challenges due to the broad scope of investigators’ discretion and the use of open normative phrases, such as “public unrest” and “potential social conflict,” which may lead to inconsistencies in practice. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the relationship between police discretion, the principle of legality, legal certainty, and the protection of human rights in the application of restorative justice at the initial stage of the criminal justice system.     Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum restorative justice dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia serta implementasinya oleh Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia berdasarkan Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 8 Tahun 2021. Permasalahan penelitian difokuskan pada dua aspek utama, yaitu bagaimana kedudukan hukum restorative justice dalam kerangka sistem peradilan pidana nasional dan bagaimana implementasinya oleh kepolisian pada tahap penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Latar belakang penelitian berangkat dari dominasi pendekatan retributif yang belum sepenuhnya mampu memberikan pemulihan bagi korban serta berkontribusi terhadap kelebihan kapasitas lembaga pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan statute approach dan conceptual approach melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan konsep hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa restorative justice memiliki legitimasi normatif sebagai mekanisme penyelesaian perkara yang berorientasi pada pemulihan, namun implementasinya oleh kepolisian masih menghadapi kendala berupa luasnya ruang diskresi penyidik serta penggunaan frasa normatif yang bersifat terbuka, seperti “keresahan masyarakat” dan “potensi konflik sosial”, yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakkonsistenan praktik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis relasi antara diskresi kepolisian, asas legalitas, kepastian hukum, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam penerapan restorative justice pada tahap awal sistem peradilan pidana.