Natalia Prisca Ibrahim
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Meta-Analysis: Effects of Gender, Waiting Time, Visits, and Insurance on Outpatient Satisfaction with Health Services Regita Azzahra Prasetyowati; Natalia Prisca Ibrahim; Septa Santiya Arini; Bhisma Murti; Siti Mar'atul Munawaroh
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.01.02

Abstract

Background: Patient satisfaction is the result of the service process felt by the patient, overall satisfaction arises from the patient's evaluation of the experience or as an interaction, including the availability of health services provided by officers (health workers), so that patient satisfaction can be used to assess the quality of services received by the patient. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the influence of gender, waiting time, visits, and insurance on health service satisfaction. Subjects and Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA flow charts and PICO models. Population: outpatients. Intervention: Female, long waiting time, already visited, using insurance. Comparison: Male, short waiting time, first time visit, and not using insurance. Outcome: Outpatient satisfaction with health services. The online databases used were Google Scholar, Biomedcentral, Taylor & Francis and Plos with the keywords gender, waiting time, visits, insurance, outpatient satisfaction, cross-sectional and aOR. Inclusion criteria were full text articles with cross-sectional use of multivariate analysis that included aOR and were published from 2014-2024. Data analysis using the RevMan 5.3 application. Result: Twelve primary studies were used to analyze gender and patient satisfaction with health services. Women had satisfaction with health services 1.19 times compared to men (aOR= 1.19; 95% CI=1.11 to 1.28; p<0.001). Ten primary studies were used to analyze insurance and patient satisfaction with health services. Patients who have insurance are 1.23 times more satisfied with health services than those who do not have insurance (aOR= 1.23; 95% CI=1.09 to 1.40; p<0.001). Seven primary studies were used to analyze waiting times and patient satisfaction with health services. Patients who experienced short waiting times were 0.30 times more satisfied with health services compared to those with long waiting times (aOR=0.30; 95% CI=0.21 to 0.44; p<0.001). Seven primary studies were used to analyze visit frequency and patient satisfaction with health services. Patients who have visited are 2.96 times more satisfied with health services than patients who are visiting for the first time (aOR=2.96; 95% CI=2.60 to 3.37; p<0.001). Conclusion: Female gender, short waiting times, repeat visits and insurance in increasing outpatient satisfaction with health services.
The Relationship Between Motivation, Length of Service, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction, and the Performance of Healthcare Workers at National Hospital of Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Natalia Prisca Ibrahim; Didik Gunawan Tamtomo; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Performance is the result of work achieved by a person in carrying out his duties which is based on skills, experience, seriousness, and time aimed at the progress of an organization or company. This study aims to analyze the relationship between motivation, length of work, work environment, job satisfaction, and the performance of health workers at Semarang Hospital. Subjects and Method: This study uses an observational analytical design with  a cross-sectional  approach conducted at the Semarang Hospital from June to July 2024. The sample consisted of 200 health workers who were selected by a simple random sampling method. The independent variables in this study were motivation, length of work, work environment, and job satisfaction. The dependent variable is the performance of the health workers of Semarang Hospital. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire. The data was analyzed using  the structural equation model (SEM) analysis model. Results: The performance of health workers increased with a good work environment (b=0.38; 95% CI=0.19 to 0.56), but decreased with longer working A good work environment was influenced by strong work motivation (b=0.13; 95% CI=0.01 to 0.23), and high job satisfaction (b=0.45; 95% CI=0.30 to 0.59). Work motivation was positively influenced by job satisfaction (b=0.37; 95% CI=0.17 to 0.53). Length of work was positively influenced by job satisfaction (b=0.48; 95% CI=0.30 to 0.59). This Path Analysis shows good goodness of fit: Chi Square p= 0.268 ( >0.050), RMSEA= 0.04 (<0.08), CFI= 0.99 (>0.90), TLI= 0.096 (>0.90), and SRMR= 0.03 (<0.05). Conclusion: Performance is directly affected by the work environment, and the length of work, and is indirectly affected by job satisfaction and work motivation.