Septa Santiya Arini
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Meta-Analysis: Effects of Gender, Waiting Time, Visits, and Insurance on Outpatient Satisfaction with Health Services Regita Azzahra Prasetyowati; Natalia Prisca Ibrahim; Septa Santiya Arini; Bhisma Murti; Siti Mar'atul Munawaroh
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.01.02

Abstract

Background: Patient satisfaction is the result of the service process felt by the patient, overall satisfaction arises from the patient's evaluation of the experience or as an interaction, including the availability of health services provided by officers (health workers), so that patient satisfaction can be used to assess the quality of services received by the patient. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the influence of gender, waiting time, visits, and insurance on health service satisfaction. Subjects and Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA flow charts and PICO models. Population: outpatients. Intervention: Female, long waiting time, already visited, using insurance. Comparison: Male, short waiting time, first time visit, and not using insurance. Outcome: Outpatient satisfaction with health services. The online databases used were Google Scholar, Biomedcentral, Taylor & Francis and Plos with the keywords gender, waiting time, visits, insurance, outpatient satisfaction, cross-sectional and aOR. Inclusion criteria were full text articles with cross-sectional use of multivariate analysis that included aOR and were published from 2014-2024. Data analysis using the RevMan 5.3 application. Result: Twelve primary studies were used to analyze gender and patient satisfaction with health services. Women had satisfaction with health services 1.19 times compared to men (aOR= 1.19; 95% CI=1.11 to 1.28; p<0.001). Ten primary studies were used to analyze insurance and patient satisfaction with health services. Patients who have insurance are 1.23 times more satisfied with health services than those who do not have insurance (aOR= 1.23; 95% CI=1.09 to 1.40; p<0.001). Seven primary studies were used to analyze waiting times and patient satisfaction with health services. Patients who experienced short waiting times were 0.30 times more satisfied with health services compared to those with long waiting times (aOR=0.30; 95% CI=0.21 to 0.44; p<0.001). Seven primary studies were used to analyze visit frequency and patient satisfaction with health services. Patients who have visited are 2.96 times more satisfied with health services than patients who are visiting for the first time (aOR=2.96; 95% CI=2.60 to 3.37; p<0.001). Conclusion: Female gender, short waiting times, repeat visits and insurance in increasing outpatient satisfaction with health services.
The Influence of Servqual Indicators in Measuring Health Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction Septa Santiya Arini; Didik Gunawan Tamtomo; Bhisma Murti
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.03.04

Abstract

Background: Health services are organized efforts by individuals or institutions to prevent and treat diseases, restore health, and improve community well-being. Both government and private healthcare institutions play a crucial role in ensuring accessible and high-quality services. The quality of health services is a key determinant of patient satisfaction. This study aimed to assess the SERVQUAL indicators in measuring the quality of health services and patient satisfaction at Diponegoro National Hospital. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, in July 2024. A total of 200 patients were recruited using accidental sampling. The dependent variables were service quality and patient satisfaction, while the independent variables included age, education, gender, and financing method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through path analysis. Results: The concept of service quality was represented by SERVQUAL indicators: reliability (b= 0.61; 95% CI= 0.46–0.76; p<0.001), assurance (b= 0.50; 95% CI= 0.35–0.64; p<0.001), tangibles (b= 0.67; 95% CI= 0.56–0.78; p<0.001), and responsiveness (b= 0.66; 95% CI= 0.46–0.76; p<0.001). Patient satisfaction showed a positive structural relationship with service quality (b= 0.31; 95% CI= 0.07–0.55; p= 0.012). The financing method also affected satisfaction, with insured (BPJS) patients reporting higher satisfaction than general patients (b= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.02–0.27; p= 0.015). Conclusion: Health service quality is defined by multiple SERVQUAL indicators, including reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness. Patient satisfaction is positively associated with service quality and influenced by the financing method, indicating the importance of equitable and high-quality healthcare delivery