Salsabilla Luthfiana Ayu Hafida
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Meta-Analysis: The Impact of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion on Patient Satisfaction Salsabilla Luthfiana Ayu Hafida; Rela Hastuti; Bhisma Murti; Anggun Fitri Handayani
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.01.10

Abstract

Background: A component of effective health care is measuring patient satisfaction. Satisfaction helps in the evaluation of health services from the patient's perspective. In order to compete globally, hospitals need to consider marketing strategies that emphasize understanding customer needs, wants and demands. One of the most common and widely applied marketing concepts in this context is the marketing mix, which includes four main elements, namely product, place, promotion and price. This research aims to estimate the magnitude of the influence of the marketing mix (4P) which includes product, price, place and promotion on patient satisfaction. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis studies with PICO research questions. Population = general patients. Intervention = high product quality, high promotion, long distance and high price. Comparison = low product quality, lack of promotion, close distance to facilities, and low price. Out­come= Patient satisfaction. Data obtained from Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, with the keywords "Product for patient satisfaction" OR "Promotion for patient satisfaction" OR "Price for patient satisfaction" OR "Place for patient satisfaction" AND "Marketing patient satisfaction" OR "Marketing mix patient satisfaction” AND aOR. The effect size used was the Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) from multivariate analysis. Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: This meta-analysis was carried out on 20 primary studies with a cross-sectional design, originating from Turkey, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia and Ghana. The sample size was 14,388 people. The meta-analysis results show that patient satisfaction increases with high product quality and is statistically significant (aOR= 2.23; CI 95%= 1.54 to 3.23; p<0.001) and good promotion, although not statistically significant (aOR= 1.42; CI 95 %= 0.75 to 2.71; p= 0.280). Patient satisfaction decreases with distance to a health facility (aOR= 0.55; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.86; p= 0.009) and high price (aOR= 0.56; 95% CI= 0.38 to 0.81; p= 0.002). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction increases with high product quality and good promotions. Patient satisfaction decreases with distance to the facility and high prices.
Effect of Marketing Mix (Product, Place, Promotion, and Price) on Outpatient Patient Satisfaction at Nur Hidayah Hospital, Bantul Salsabilla Luthfiana Ayu Hafida; Didik Gunawan Tamtomo; Hanung Prasetya; Bhisma Murti; Sumardiyono
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.02.11

Abstract

Background: Patient satisfaction is an indicator of how well a patient is treated in medical practice, from the point of view of service quality and from how happy the patient is with the services provided. One of the marketing strategies that can be used is  the 4P marketing mix that includes a combination of variables or core activities in the marketing system, such as products, distribution, promotions, and prices. This study aimed to analyze the effect of 4P marketing mix strategy on patient satisfaction. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Nur Hidayah Hospital, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A sample of 203 patients selected using a simple random sampling. The dependent variable was patient satisfaction. The independent variables were product, place, promotion, and price. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis using the STATA 13 application. Results: Marketing mix strategy directly increased patient satisfaction (b= 0.92; 95% CI= 0.87 to 0.98; p<0.001). Product (b= 0.63; 95% CI= 0.54 to 0.72; p <0.001), place (b = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.63; p<0.001), promotion (b = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.74; p<0.001), and price (b= 0.76; 95% CI= 0.68 to 0.83; p<0.001) showed positive and significant loadings, indicating that all four components are strong constructs representing the marketing mix strategy. Conclusion: Marketing mix strategy directly increases patient satisfaction.