Rela Hastuti
Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Meta-Analysis: The Impact of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion on Patient Satisfaction Salsabilla Luthfiana Ayu Hafida; Rela Hastuti; Bhisma Murti; Anggun Fitri Handayani
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.01.10

Abstract

Background: A component of effective health care is measuring patient satisfaction. Satisfaction helps in the evaluation of health services from the patient's perspective. In order to compete globally, hospitals need to consider marketing strategies that emphasize understanding customer needs, wants and demands. One of the most common and widely applied marketing concepts in this context is the marketing mix, which includes four main elements, namely product, place, promotion and price. This research aims to estimate the magnitude of the influence of the marketing mix (4P) which includes product, price, place and promotion on patient satisfaction. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis studies with PICO research questions. Population = general patients. Intervention = high product quality, high promotion, long distance and high price. Comparison = low product quality, lack of promotion, close distance to facilities, and low price. Out­come= Patient satisfaction. Data obtained from Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, with the keywords "Product for patient satisfaction" OR "Promotion for patient satisfaction" OR "Price for patient satisfaction" OR "Place for patient satisfaction" AND "Marketing patient satisfaction" OR "Marketing mix patient satisfaction” AND aOR. The effect size used was the Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) from multivariate analysis. Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: This meta-analysis was carried out on 20 primary studies with a cross-sectional design, originating from Turkey, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia and Ghana. The sample size was 14,388 people. The meta-analysis results show that patient satisfaction increases with high product quality and is statistically significant (aOR= 2.23; CI 95%= 1.54 to 3.23; p<0.001) and good promotion, although not statistically significant (aOR= 1.42; CI 95 %= 0.75 to 2.71; p= 0.280). Patient satisfaction decreases with distance to a health facility (aOR= 0.55; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.86; p= 0.009) and high price (aOR= 0.56; 95% CI= 0.38 to 0.81; p= 0.002). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction increases with high product quality and good promotions. Patient satisfaction decreases with distance to the facility and high prices.
The The Relationships between Reliability, Tangible Evidence, Responsiveness, Empathy, and Gender with Outpatient Satisfaction at Mitra Delima General Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Rela Hastuti; Didik Gunawan Tamtomo; Argyo Demartoto
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Patient satisfaction is a patient's feeling received from the health service performance felt by patients in their services and compared with what is expected. This study aims to analyze the variables that influence patient satisfaction. Subjects and Method: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted at Mitra Delima General Hospital, Malang, in August-September 2024. A sample of 200 patients was selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable in this study was patient satisfaction. The independent variables in the study were reliability, assurance, tangible evidence, responsiveness, empathy, and gender. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis. Results: Patient satisfaction in hospitals is influenced by reliability (b= 0.60; 95% CI= 0.47 to 0.73; p<0.001), tangible evidence (b= 0.43; 95% CI= 0.29  to 0.58; p<0.001), responsiveness (b= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.52; p<0.001), empathy  (b= 0.72; 95% CI= 0.56 to 0.88; p<0.001), and gender  (b = 0.14; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.27; p =0.025). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is positively influenced by reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, and gender.