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All Journal Arathia: Journal of Islamic Elementary Education and Culture Based Education
Muhammad Fuad I
Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya

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Anti Islamophobia Education With a Social Contract Approach Muhammad Fuad I; Masdar Hilmy; Desi Erawati
Arathia Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Arathia: Journal of Islamic elementary Education and Culture Based Education
Publisher : ​Institute for Researches and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

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Abstract

One of the current issues in Islamic education is Islamophobia. When examinedmore deeply, this issue is closely related to social contract theory. Therefore, it isinteresting to study social contract theory alongside the issue of Islamophobia. Thisresearch employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach for datacollection. The findings show that Islamophobia is an ideology or an intense fearof Islam, its teachings, or its followers, caused by excessive negative prejudice thatleads to viewing Islam and anything associated with it as evil, dangerous,extremist, and destructive. Islamophobia has negative impacts on both perpetratorsand victims. Muslims experience intimidation, religious discrimination,defamation and hoaxes, as well as acts of terror. The emergence of Islamophobiais triggered by terrorist acts carried out in the name of Islam, which then spreadthrough politics and mass media, creating a negative social contract effect thatframes Islam as evil, dangerous, and something to be avoided. This makes socialcontract theory closely related to the issue of Islamophobia. Social contract theoryitself is a socio-political theory that views law or sovereignty as a product ofagreements among individuals to establish mutual consensus. Solutions that canbe implemented to reduce or address Islamophobia from the perspective of socialcontract theory can be carried out both internally and externally. These includerevitalizing social media, international cooperation, halal lifestyle promotion,conceptualizing jihad, strengthening da’wah, and revising policies and laws.
Co-Authors Desi Erawati Masdar Hilmy