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All Journal Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Jurnal Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies Annals of Justice and Humanity Universal Teaching and Learning Journal Jurnal Studi Multidisiplin Ilmu Advances in Public Law and Policy
Muhammad Auwal Sule
Centre for Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMICO), Abuja, Nigeria
Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Judicial Accountability and Institutional Integrity in Nigeria's Judiciary Goodwood Publishing; Muhammad Auwal Sule
Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): November
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jomaps.v4.n4.p269-284.2026

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how judicial power in Nigeria can be held within constitutional and ethical limits without weakening judicial independence, and how the handling of misconduct and sanctions shapes public confidence in the courts. Research Methodology: The study uses a qualitative doctrinal and documentary design. It analyzes the 1999 Constitution, the Code of Conduct for Judicial Officers, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015, and recent peer-reviewed literature. A comparative reading of the United Kingdom, France, South Africa and Ghana informs the analysis, which is framed by Rule of Law Theory and Institutional Theory. Results: Independence and accountability work as complementary safeguards. The weakest points in the Nigerian arrangement are the unclear line between correctable error and punishable misconduct, the low visibility of disciplinary outcomes, uneven sanctioning, and chronic delay that the public tends to attribute to judges. Conclusions: Public confidence follows institutional performance more than institutional publicity, and credible discipline depends on due process and proportionality. Limitations: The study relies on documents and published scholarship rather than interviews, court data or disciplinary files. Contributions: The study offers an error-misconduct filter, a graduated sanctions matrix and a framework linking discipline, delay and technology to public confidence.
The Malabo Protocol and Africa's Regional Corporate Accountability Framework: Legal Prospects and Barriers to Prosecuting Transnational Environmental Crimes Muhammad Auwal Sule
Advances in Public Law and Policy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2027): January
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/aiplap.v2.n1.p33-47.2027

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines the prospects and legal barriers to using the Malabo Protocol as a regional mechanism for prosecuting corporate transnational environmental crimes in Africa. Research Methodology: The study applies a qualitative doctrinal and documentary research design, examining African Union legal instruments, African human rights jurisprudence, comparative European criminal law developments, and peer reviewed legal scholarship published mainly between 2021 and 2026, analyzed thematically around jurisdiction, corporate attribution, environmental offenses, evidence, cross border cooperation, and remedies. Results: The findings show that Article 46C of the Malabo Protocol represents a significant innovation because it extends criminal jurisdiction to legal persons and permits corporate intention and knowledge to be established through organizational rather than purely individualized proof. However, the Protocol's effectiveness remains constrained by non operational status, limited ratification, the absence of an express ecocide offense, unresolved parent subsidiary attribution questions, and weak cross border investigative cooperation. Conclusions: A functioning regional corporate accountability framework requires ratification, domestic implementation, clearer environmental crime definitions, specialized investigative cooperation, and stronger victim remedy mechanisms operating alongside existing human rights jurisprudence. Limitations: The analysis relies on doctrinal and documentary sources rather than empirical enforcement data. Contributions: The article extends corporate organizational responsibility theory and environmental justice scholarship into an underexamined African regional criminal law context and proposes an integrated operational model connecting national and regional accountability institutions.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Mandatory Due Diligence: From Voluntary Commitment to Enforceable Accountability Muhammad Auwal Sule
Universal Teaching and Learning Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/utlj.v2.n2.p117-128.2026

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines how Corporate Social Responsibility is being reshaped by the global movement toward mandatory human-rights and environmental due diligence, and it asks whether Nigeria’s existing corporate-governance and sustainability-reporting architecture is adequate for that transition. Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative doctrinal and documentary research design, analyzing international instruments, regulatory directives, corporate-governance standards, and Nigerian regulatory materials published mainly within the last five years, supplemented by thematic document coding and comparative reading of the European Union and Nigerian regulatory pathways. Results: Due diligence does not eliminate voluntary Corporate Social Responsibility but reclassifies selected responsibilities from managerial discretion into enforceable systems of prevention, monitoring, disclosure, and remediation, a shift most visible in the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive and echoed unevenly within Nigeria’s sustainability-reporting roadmap. Conclusions: Nigeria possesses relevant governance foundations, but a coherent, risk-based statutory framework for human-rights and environmental due diligence remains necessary to convert disclosure obligations into substantive corporate accountability. Limitations: The doctrinal and documentary design relies on published instruments and secondary literature rather than primary fieldwork or firm-level compliance data. Contributions: The article offers a governance-layered framework distinguishing philanthropic Corporate Social Responsibility, disclosure, and mandatory due diligence, intended to guide Nigerian policymakers and corporate boards.
The Erosion of Cyber Sovereignty: Rethinking State Authority in a Borderless Digital Space Muhammad Auwal Sule
Universal Teaching and Learning Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2027): March
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/utlj.v3.n1.p1-12.2027

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines how the borderless architecture of cyberspace is reshaping, rather than eliminating, the sovereign authority of states over digital territory, infrastructure, data and jurisdiction. Methodology: The study relies on a qualitative documentary approach that traces the evolution of international legal instruments, regional treaties, national statutes and institutional reports concerning cyber governance, cross-border data flows and cybercrime enforcement, with particular attention to African and Nigerian regulatory experience. Results: The analysis shows that formal legal sovereignty over digital space persists, yet its practical exercise is steadily constrained by jurisdictional overlap, reliance on privately owned infrastructure, attribution difficulties, cross-border data mobility and uneven treaty implementation. States that possess legislative authority frequently lack the enforcement capacity to translate that authority into effective control, producing a widening gap between formal and operative sovereignty. Conclusions: Cyber sovereignty should be reconceived as a cooperative and capacity-dependent condition rather than a fixed territorial entitlement, requiring states to combine domestic legal reform with international coordination, infrastructural resilience and rights-conscious regulation. Limitations: The study is confined to documentary and doctrinal materials and does not incorporate primary empirical data such as interviews with regulators or platform operators. Contributions: The article contributes a governance-oriented framework, termed adaptive digital sovereignty, that policymakers and scholars can apply to evaluate and strengthen state capacity across fragmented digital jurisdictions.
Nigeria’s Security Challenges and Critical Economic Infrastructure Protection: Institutional Gaps and Pathways Muhammad Auwal Sule
Jurnal Studi Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol 4 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Penerbit Goodwood

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jasmi.v4.n3.p1-13.2026

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between Nigeria’s security challenges and the protection of critical economic infrastructure, with emphasis on institutional vulnerabilities, emerging threats, infrastructure resilience and inter-agency coordination.Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative documentary research design, drawing on official government publications, security-sector reports, development-partner assessments and relevant scholarly literature, analyzed through thematic coding across four domains.Results: Infrastructure vulnerability is not solely a consequence of direct attacks but is also produced by weak surveillance, inadequate maintenance, fragmented institutional responsibilities, limited intelligence integration, poor community engagement, cyber vulnerabilities and insufficient risk-based planning, and infrastructure protection cannot be achieved exclusively through kinetic security measures because many risks originate from criminal networks, local grievances, economic incentives and weak governance.Conclusions: Nigeria should move from predominantly reactive infrastructure protection towards preventive risk management, integrated intelligence, resilient infrastructure design, community participation and coordinated institutional responsibility within a whole-of-society framework.Limitations: The study relies on documentary and institutional evidence rather than field-based assessment of specific infrastructure sites, and rapidly evolving security conditions mean that threat patterns may shift before institutional reforms are fully implemented.Contributions: The study contributes an integrated framework linking security governance, infrastructure resilience and economic development, offering a replicable model for infrastructure protection policy in comparable security-affected developing economies.
Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems and International Humanitarian Law: Bridging Enforcement Gap Under the Geneva Conventions Muhammad Auwal Sule
Jurnal Studi Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol 5 No 1 (2027): January
Publisher : Penerbit Goodwood

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jasmi.v5.n1.p1-13.2027

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines whether existing International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is sufficiently enforceable against Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) and identifies mechanisms needed to close the emerging enforcement gap under the Geneva Conventions.Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative doctrinal and documentary design, analyzing the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol I, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, United Nations resolutions, International Committee of the Red Cross positions, and peer reviewed scholarship published mainly between 2021 and 2026.Results: IHL already applies to autonomous weapons in principle, yet distinction, proportionality, and precautionary obligations become difficult to operationalize once targeting functions are delegated to machines, and attribution of responsibility is complicated by opaque software behavior and fragmented decision chains.Conclusions: Bridging the enforcement gap requires a layered regime combining strengthened Article 36 weapons reviews, meaningful human control, traceability requirements, robust post use investigation, and a new binding instrument addressing unpredictable or person targeting systems.Limitations: The study relies on open source doctrinal and policy materials rather than classified operational data, and normative proposals cannot yet be tested against completed state practice.Contributions: The article contributes an integrated accountability model for LAWS governance relevant to treaty negotiators, military legal advisers, and Global South states seeking to align procurement with humanitarian obligations.
African Union Compliance Framework and Civilian Harm Accountability in Peace Support Operations Muhammad Auwal Sule
Jurnal Studi Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol 4 No 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Penerbit Goodwood

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jasmi.v4.n3.p15-30.2026

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how the African Union Compliance and Accountability Framework (AUCF) has been implemented in African Peace Support Operations, with particular attention to civilian-harm tracking, investigation, reporting and remedial action.Research Methodology: A qualitative documentary design was adopted. African Union policies, Peace and Security Council communiqués, annual reports, Southern African Development Community statements and peer-reviewed literature published mainly between 2022 and 2026 were analyzed thematically, using the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) and the SADC Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (SAMIDRC) as comparative cases.Results: The AUCF has advanced through strategic policies, mission training, compliance tools and a continental case management system. Implementation remains uneven, however, because tracking cells, investigations, victim assistance and remedies are not yet permanent, adequately funded or consistently linked to command decisions.Conclusions: Civilian-harm tracking should become a mandatory, standard component of African operations, embedded in integrated case management and connected to remedy and institutional learning.Limitations: The analysis relies on published documents and did not include interviews or access to confidential mission data. Contributions: The article offers an integrated civilian-harm case management cycle and a set of institutional measures for AU-mandated and AU-authorized operations.
Climate Change, Resource Scarcity, and Green Militarization in East and Central Africa Muhammad Auwal Sule
Annals of Justice and Humanity Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): December
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/ajh.v6.n1.p31-47.2026

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines how climate change and resource scarcity interact with the securitization of biodiversity conservation in East and Central Africa, a process increasingly described in the literature as green militarization, and assesses its human rights consequences for indigenous and resource dependent communities in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Research Methodology: The study applies a qualitative documentary research design, drawing on peer reviewed journal literature, international legal instruments, human rights reports, and conservation policy documents published mainly between 2021 and 2026, analyzed thematically around climate pressure, securitization, militarization, community rights, and accountability. Results: The findings show that climate and resource pressures create genuine conservation and security challenges, yet militarized responses frequently deepen land dispossession, restrict customary resource access, produce physical abuse, weaken community participation, and erode institutional trust when proportionality, oversight, and consent safeguards are absent. Conclusions: Effective conservation security should be judged not only by reductions in poaching but by legality, participation, indigenous rights, ranger accountability, and access to remedy. Limitations: The analysis relies on secondary documentary evidence across four purposively selected countries and does not generate new primary field data. Contributions: The article proposes an integrated rights based conservation security model and extends political ecology and human security scholarship into an underexamined regional context.
Strengthening Nigeria’s Foreign Missions for Treaty Implementation, Transnational Crime Control, and Illicit Asset Recovery Muhammad Auwal Sule
Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Vol 6 No 2 (2026): December
Publisher : Penerbit Goodwood

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jasispol.v6.n2.p17-33.2026

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how Nigerian embassies, high commissions, consulates and permanent missions can be integrated into the country's machinery for treaty implementation, transnational crime control and the recovery of illicitly acquired assets held abroad.Research Methodology: A qualitative documentary design was used. Nigerian legislation, international conventions, institutional mandates, asset recovery case records and peer-reviewed literature were analyzed thematically through the lenses of International Regime Theory and Transnational Crime Governance Theory.Results: Nigeria has an extensive legal base for mutual legal assistance, extradition and confiscation, yet outcomes are held back by delayed or incomplete requests, fragmented institutions, weak links between diplomatic and criminal justice actors, beneficial ownership opacity and limited technical capacity. Missions hold host-country knowledge that rarely reaches investigators in a structured way.Conclusions: Legal instruments alone do not produce recoveries. A Foreign Missions, Justice and Law Enforcement Asset Recovery Framework built on designated focal officers, secure case tracking and transparent handling of returned assets would convert commitments into results without giving diplomats investigative powers.Limitations: The study relies on published documents and did not include interviews or confidential case files.Contributions: The article repositions foreign missions as structured diplomatic interfaces within asset recovery and offers an operational model for Nigeria and comparable states.
Comparative Analysis of Nigeria’s Penal and Criminal Codes: Convergence and Harmonization Pathways Muhammad Auwal Sule
Jurnal Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Goodwood

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jahidik.v5i2.7539

Abstract

Purpose: This article compares Nigeria’s Penal Code and Criminal Code to determine whether their inherited differences in terminology, classification, and substantive rules remain justified within the country’s contemporary constitutional order, and to propose a pathway toward selective harmonization.Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative doctrinal and documentary design, examining the Criminal Code Act, the Penal Code Law of 1959, the Penal Code Federal Provisions Act, constitutional provisions, judicial authorities, and peer reviewed legal scholarship published mainly between 2021 and 2026.Results: Both Codes regulate comparable conduct through different statutory architectures; divergences in the treatment of homicide, property offences, defences, and sentencing produce practical consequences for prosecutors, courts, and cross-jurisdictional practice, even though constitutional commitments to legality and fair hearing remain consistent across both regimes.Conclusions: A realistic reform agenda should pursue harmonization of foundational principles of criminal responsibility rather than wholesale unification, preserving legitimate state legislative competence while reducing avoidable divergence.Limitations: The study relies on published statutes, judicial decisions, and secondary legal literature rather than primary empirical data, and its doctrinal method cannot fully capture informal variation in how the Codes are applied at trial level.Contributions: The article offers legislators, judicial educators, and reform bodies a comparative framework for evaluating which statutory differences serve legitimate purposes and which merely perpetuate historical fragmentation.
Co-Authors Goodwood Publishing