Diva Khairunnisa
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Obstacles to Independent Graduation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Cimancak Village Azizah Nurhaliza; Rafi Arrazy Fachrizahir; Nabila Attahira Rahmah; Raka Winata Putra; Diva Khairunnisa; Kaila Firda Aulia; Muhammad Sachrul Hidayat; Ellies Sukmawati
Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 20, No. 5 : Al Qalam (In Progress September 2026)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur'an (STIQ) Amuntai Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35931/aq.v20i5.5990

Abstract

This research is motivated by the low achievement of independent graduation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Cimancak Village, Bayah District, Lebak Regency, even though the village has been a PKH participant since 2010. To date, not a single Beneficiary Family (KPM) has successfully achieved independent graduation, so a comprehensive identification of inhibiting factors is needed. This study aims to analyze the causes of graduation obstacles originating from internal aspects of KPM, mentoring, institutions, and the economic conditions of the community. The study used a qualitative approach through observation, in-depth interviews with 17 informants, Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) involving 36 participants, and thematic analysis to process the data. The results show that the main obstacles include low levels of education, dependency, minimal capacity for productive aid management, and weak motivation for independence. In terms of mentoring, P2K2 activities have not been running since 2022, and mentors are rarely present, so the relationship between mentors and KPMs is not formed. Institutional obstacles include weak coordination between facilitators and village governments, outdated KPM data, and the failure to socialize independence.
Understanding Legislative Responses to Demonstrations through Legal Realism Natania Frederica; Ellen Chang; Sherlyana Indah Saputri; Salma Setiawati; Ririn Khairunisa; Diva Khairunnisa
Tarumanagara Law Review Vol. 8 No. I (2026): Talrev-Untar
Publisher : Faculty of Law Tarumanagara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/talrev.v8iI.38965

Abstract

Demonstrations, as a means of expressing public demands in democratic countries, inherently demand a proportionate legislative response. This study provides an in-depth conceptual analysis of how legislators adopting a legal realism perspective specifically address this phenomenon. In stark contrast to positivist thinking, which emphasizes strict adherence to legal texts, legal realism frames or views law as a reflection of the actual decisions made by officials and the social realities that influence them and their ways of acting. This study argues that legislators adhering to a legal realism paradigm do not view demonstrations merely as a disruption to public order or a mere formalistic exercise of the right to freedom of speech. Instead, they interpret them as valuable sociological data, a true reflection of living law, and a concrete manifestation of significant social pressure that cannot be ignored. For realist legislators, who view law as a pragmatic tool for achieving social goals, legislative responses to their demonstrations are often political and oriented toward social consequences. They engage in in-depth deliberation, analyzing the socio-political power dynamics underlying the demonstrations, carefully considering the implications of granting or rejecting the masses' demands, and anticipating how legislative decisions, whether amending laws, extending them, or enacting new regulations, will affect the balance of power, government legitimacy, and social stability. Consequently, every decision they make is based not only on formal legal considerations but also on realistic predictions of the policy's actual impact on people's lives. Thus, law is understood as a dynamic entity, constantly interacting with the social realities of society.