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All Journal Indonesian Health Journal Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Ella Rhinsilva
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Association between Sepsis and Mortality among Patients with Pneumonia Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit Syaela Fitri Nasution; Syamsul Bihar; Ella Rhinsilva; Taufik Ashar
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2336

Abstract

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This condition is often associated with sepsis, which can worsen prognosis and increase the risk of death. This study aimed to determine the association between demographic characteristics, length of stay, sepsis, and qSOFA score with mortality among pneumonia patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. This study was an analytical observational study with a retrospective cohort design using medical record data of pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. A total of 74 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and the strength of association was measured using Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. Most patients were aged 56–65 years and >65 years, each accounting for 25.7%, and were predominantly male (59.5%). The most common comorbidity was kidney disease (AKI/CKD) at 33.8%. The mean length of ICU stay was 13.81 ± 7.97 days. Mortality among pneumonia patients with sepsis was 75.7%. There was no significant association between sex and mortality (p=0.698) or age and mortality (p=0.247). A significant association was found between length of ICU stay and mortality (p=0.029). In addition, qSOFA score was significantly associated with mortality (p=0.004), with an OR of 5.409 (95% CI: 1.575–18.577). Length of stay, sepsis, and qSOFA score were significantly associated with mortality among pneumonia patients in the ICU, while demographic characteristics showed no significant association.
The Relationship Between Lactic Acid Levels and Mortality in Patients with Sepsis Pneumonia at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2023 Senna Oktora Nasution; Syamsul Bihar; Ella Rhinsilva; Rina Amelia
Indonesian Health Journal Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Health Journal
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/ihj.v5i3.949

Abstract

Sepsis associated with pneumonia is a critical condition with a high risk of mortality due to systemic inflammation, tissue hypoperfusion, and progressive organ dysfunction. Serum lactate has been widely recognized as an important biomarker of tissue hypoperfusion and altered cellular metabolism, whereas procalcitonin is commonly used as a biomarker of bacterial infection and systemic inflammatory response. However, evidence regarding the prognostic value of these biomarkers in Indonesian tertiary hospitals remains limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum lactate levels and mortality among patients with sepsis associated with pneumonia at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan in 2023 and to compare this relationship with that of procalcitonin levels. This analytical study employed a cross-sectional design using medical record data from patients diagnosed with sepsis associated with pneumonia between January and December 2023. A total of 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The associations between biomarker levels and mortality were assessed using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Patients with serum lactate levels >2 mmol/L had a higher mortality proportion (91.9%) than those with levels <2 mmol/L (77.4%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between serum lactate levels and mortality (p = 0.043). In contrast, procalcitonin levels were not significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.600). Elevated serum lactate levels were significantly associated with mortality among patients with sepsis associated with pneumonia and may have potential value as a prognostic marker. Procalcitonin should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical parameters rather than as a standalone predictor of mortality. Further prospective studies incorporating serial biomarker measurements are recommended.
Co-Authors Rina Amelia Senna Oktora Nasution Syaela Fitri Nasution Syamsul Bihar Taufik Ashar