Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Neo Journal of economy and social humanities
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
University of Mataram
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Green Capital, Gendered Labor: The Political Economy of Asian Development Bank’s Public-Private Partnership in Indonesian Renewable Energy Transition Sirwan Yazid Bustami; Kurnia Zulhandayani Rizki; Zulkarnain Zulkarnain; Hertina Indra Rukmana; Putri Karimatullah
Neo Journal of economy and social humanities Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities
Publisher : International Publisher (YAPENBI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56403/nejesh.v5i2.504

Abstract

Multilateral development banks increasingly finance renewable energy through Public-Private Partnerships embedding gender conditionalities, yet whether these substantively transform gendered production relations, rather than legitimizing green capital accumulation, remains underexamined in Indonesia. This article asks why the Asian Development Bank continues producing shallow field-level compliance. Using a single-case qualitative design, the study examines the Eastern Indonesia Renewable Energy Project Phase 2 across three Vena Energy solar sites in West Nusa Tenggara, drawing on interviews with six institutional actors and policy documents, analyzed via critical discourse analysis and structural political-economy mapping. Findings show control over productive assets remains concentrated within the multinational corporation, while women's participation is confined to corporate-dependent micro-enterprises lacking ownership or decision-making authority, moderated by existing land-tenure structures. These results substantiate green patriarchy as a novel analytical category, showing how gender conditionality functions as a Social License to Operate legitimizing accumulation without redistributing power, calling for outcome-based gender accountability.
Global Capital, Local Inequality: The Political Economy of the Industrial Revolution and Region-Based Development Agglomeration in West Nusa Tenggara in the Era of Decentralization Zulkarnain Zulkarnain; Mahmuluddin Mahmuluddin; Sirwan Yazid Bustami; Sania Cahaya Qalbi; Wiwik Febriyanti
Neo Journal of economy and social humanities Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities
Publisher : International Publisher (YAPENBI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56403/nejesh.v5i2.521

Abstract

This article examines how global industrial capital interacts with decentralization to produce uneven territorial development in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Bridging international political economy with new economic geography, enclave-economy theory, critical geography, human-capital analysis, and fiscal federalism, it asks why growth poles fail to diffuse prosperity across peripheral regions. The study uses a critical-interpretive qualitative case design based on eighteen semi-structured interviews, two focus groups, official statistics, and Klassen Typology and Williamson Index analysis for 2013–2025. Findings show that mining-led growth in West Sumbawa generates macroeconomic volatility and weak local linkages, while the Mandalika Special Economic Zone combines investment with labor segmentation, economic leakage, and agrarian tensions. Eastern agrarian districts remain vulnerable, and transfer-dependent decentralization does not adequately correct these disparities. The article argues that global capital agglomeration, when mediated by unequal local capabilities and weak redistributive institutions, turns decentralization into a mechanism of spatial polarization rather than territorial convergence.
Co-Authors Hertina Indra Rukmana Kurnia Zulhandayani Rizki Mahmuluddin Mahmuluddin Putri Karimatullah Sania Cahaya Qalbi Sirwan Yazid Bustami Wiwik Febriyanti