<![CDATA[Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with Central Java among the five provinces with the highest case burden. The success of TB treatment is influenced by various predictive factors, both sociodemographic and clinical, which need to be identified to optimize therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to determine the predictors associated with the success of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug (ATD) therapy in TB patients at Puskesmas Masaran II and to identify the most influential factor. This was a non-experimental study using a cross-sectional approach, with data collected retrospectively from the medical records of TB patients during the period of May 2023–May 2026. The sample was determined using the Slovin formula with a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 71 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test (α = 0.05), with associations expressed as Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 45 patients (63.4%) achieved negative sputum smear conversion by the fifth month, while 26 patients (36.6%) failed to convert. Of the 14 variables tested, six were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with treatment success: drug side effects, nutritional status, treatment regimen, patient category, drug resistance, and comorbidities. Drug side effects showed the strongest association (OR = 23.062; 95% CI: 6.148–86.507). These six factors are important predictors of ATD therapy success in TB patients at Puskesmas Masaran II.]]>
