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All Journal Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin
Alvira Marwa Sakinah
Universitas Halu Oleo
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Rekonstruksi Klausul Force Majeure Berbasis Risiko dalam Kontrak Internasional Menghadapi Krisis Ekonomi Global Alvira Marwa Sakinah; Guswan Hakim; Cantika Odi Grasia; Mustamil Robinson; Sitti Nur Azizah A. Patoro
Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 5 (2026): AGUSTUS-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : INDO PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/7d8ph768

Abstract

  The development of international trade and global economic crises has increased the risk of disruptions in contractual performance. Force majeure clauses, which are generally based on listed events, are not always adequate to address economic disruptions, price changes, and supply chain disruptions. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of force majeure and hardship, identify the limitations of general force majeure clauses, and formulate a risk-based clause model. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings show that event-based clauses do not provide adequate parameters concerning causal links, impact thresholds, mitigation, evidence, and legal consequences. This study proposes a risk-based force majeure model integrating trigger event, causal link, threshold of impact, mitigation obligation, evidence requirement, legal consequences, and contractual adjustment. The model enables proportionate responses through suspension, renegotiation, contractual adjustment, and termination, thereby strengthening legal certainty and contractual balance.  
Co-Authors Cantika Odi Grasia Guswan Hakim Mustamil Robinson Sitti Nur Azizah A. Patoro