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All Journal GEMBIRA (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Syura: Journal of Law Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin
Guswan Hakim
Universitas Halu Oleo
Religion Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Rekonstruksi Klausul Force Majeure Berbasis Risiko dalam Kontrak Internasional Menghadapi Krisis Ekonomi Global Alvira Marwa Sakinah; Guswan Hakim; Cantika Odi Grasia; Mustamil Robinson; Sitti Nur Azizah A. Patoro
Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 5 (2026): AGUSTUS-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : INDO PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/7d8ph768

Abstract

  The development of international trade and global economic crises has increased the risk of disruptions in contractual performance. Force majeure clauses, which are generally based on listed events, are not always adequate to address economic disruptions, price changes, and supply chain disruptions. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of force majeure and hardship, identify the limitations of general force majeure clauses, and formulate a risk-based clause model. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings show that event-based clauses do not provide adequate parameters concerning causal links, impact thresholds, mitigation, evidence, and legal consequences. This study proposes a risk-based force majeure model integrating trigger event, causal link, threshold of impact, mitigation obligation, evidence requirement, legal consequences, and contractual adjustment. The model enables proportionate responses through suspension, renegotiation, contractual adjustment, and termination, thereby strengthening legal certainty and contractual balance.  
Kedudukan Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak dalam Perjanjian Komersial Internasional Perspektif Hukum Indonesia Guswan Hakim; Lasahibudin Lasahibudin; Syafardin Jumain; Achmad Muru; Sutriana Sutriana
Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 5 (2026): AGUSTUS-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : INDO PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/wa872b32

Abstract

The development of international trade has increased the use of international commercial agreements as instruments for regulating the legal relationships between parties. The principle of freedom of contract serves as an important foundation in determining the terms and conditions of an agreement, including the choice of law and choice of forum. However, such freedom is not absolute, as it is subject to mandatory rules, public policy, reasonableness, good faith, and the protection of weaker parties. This study aims to analyze the position and limitations of the application of the principle of freedom of contract in international commercial agreements from the perspective of Indonesian law. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. The results demonstrate that the principle of freedom of contract constitutes a fundamental principle; however, its application remains subject to the interests of the national legal system. Choice of law and choice of forum constitute manifestations of party autonomy, but they cannot be used to circumvent mandatory legal provisions and public policy. Therefore, freedom of contract in international commercial agreements should be understood as “responsible contractual freedom,” namely, contractual freedom that continues to respect legal certainty, reasonableness, good faith, and the national legal interests of Indonesia.
Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pelaku Usaha Nasional dalam Kontrak Investasi Asing Internasional Guswan Hakim; Maulana Rachman Akbar; Muhammad Anugerah Dirgantara; Eka Mayangsari; Nur Magfirah
Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 5 (2026): AGUSTUS-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : INDO PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/cr8kr511

Abstract

International trade and foreign investment play a vital role in the economy; however, they often give rise to risks regarding the imbalance of bargaining power between foreign investors and national business entities within investment contracts. This study aims to examine the legal protection afforded to national business entities in international foreign investment contracts under Indonesian law and to formulate a reconstruction of contract law capable of providing balanced protection. Employing a normative legal research method, this study utilizes statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to qualitatively analyze various legal materials. The findings indicate that while legal protection for national business entities is grounded in the principles of freedom of contract, good faith, and arbitration law, Indonesia's current legal framework is not sufficiently comprehensive to address contractual power imbalances. Key issues frequently arise regarding clauses concerning choice of law, choice of forum, arbitration, stabilization, and contract termination clauses that potentially disadvantage the party with lesser economic capacity and bargaining power. In conclusion, a reconstruction of international contract law in Indonesia is essential to strike a balance between legal certainty for investors and the protection of national interests. The principle of freedom of contract must be complemented by principles of good faith, fairness, proportionality, and transparency, as well as fair and rational risk allocation. Furthermore, the UNIDROIT Principles can serve as a conceptual reference for drafting more balanced standard contracts without resorting to excessive protectionism.
Decolonization, Nationalization, and Modernization of Indonesian Criminal Law:: Rethinking the New Indonesian Criminal Code Guswan Hakim; Muh. Sabaruddin Sinapoy; Rezky Amelia; Aqidatul Awwami; Alouisius Alan Sanjaya; Anip Aura Jalab Nur; Djuarsih S. Tutu; Maria Josella; Sukirman Sukirman; Jufri Jufri; Sirfan S. Tutu
Syura: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Darul Ulum Banyuanyar Pamekasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58223/syura.v4i1.1102

Abstract

The reform of Indonesian criminal law represents a historical process of legal transformation that has evolved from the colonial period to the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, which entered into force on 2 January 2026. This study aims to examine the transformation of Indonesian criminal law through the perspectives of decolonization, nationalization, and modernization and to assess its relevance to the development of the national criminal justice system. This study employs a normative-historical legal research method using historical, statutory, and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of legislation, historical documents, legal books, and scholarly journal articles. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian criminal law reform has not developed as a linear process, but rather as a process of reconstruction involving the efforts to overcome the colonial legal legacy, establish a national legal identity, and respond to developments in modern criminal law. Decolonization is reflected in efforts to end reliance on the colonial criminal code, while nationalization developed gradually through Law Number 1 of 1946 and Law Number 73 of 1958 and culminated in the enactment of the New Indonesian Criminal Code. Modernization is reflected in changes in sentencing objectives, the strengthening of alternative sanctions, recognition of living law, corporate criminal liability, and a restorative orientation. Thus, the enactment of the New Indonesian Criminal Code does not mark the end of criminal law reform but constitutes a new stage requiring regulatory, institutional, and legal-cultural harmonization.
From Political Subordination to Instituional Autonomy? The Historical Transformation of Juridical Independence in Indonesia Muh. Sabaruddin Sinapoy; Guswan Hakim; Firman Tobelo; I Gede Arya Arimbawa; Iktimal Camari; La Ode Muh. Fajar Indasa; Rahmat Manaf; Tiara Ayuni Wulandari
Syura: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Darul Ulum Banyuanyar Pamekasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58223/syura.v4i1.1113

Abstract

his study examines the historical transformation of judicial independence in Indonesia from the Old Order and New Order to the Reform Era, focusing on changes in institutional mechanisms through which political authority may influence the judiciary. It employs normative legal research using statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches. The primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and its amendments, alongside legislation governing judicial power across different political periods. The findings demonstrate that judicial independence evolved from explicit legal authorization of presidential intervention during the Old Order, to administrative control through the dual-roof system during the New Order, and subsequently to stronger institutional autonomy through the one-roof system in the Reform Era. Although constitutional and legislative reforms strengthened formal guarantees of judicial independence, institutional autonomy alone does not necessarily ensure substantive independence. Transparent judicial appointments, clearly defined oversight mechanisms, accountability, and professional integrity remain essential to protecting impartial adjudication. The study argues that judicial independence should be understood not as a completed outcome of legal reform, but as an ongoing institutional process shaped by the interaction between constitutional guarantees, governance arrangements, and professional practices. This historical perspective helps explain how potential mechanisms of political influence may change even as formal protections for judicial independence become stronger.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENGABDIAN MELALUI KKN DALAM MEMBANGUN DESA LALONGGOPI BERDAYA MELALUI INOVASI, EDUKASI, DAN KOLABORASI MASYARAKAT Guswan Hakim; Siti Misnar; Abdul Jalil; Aspin Aspin; Fito Fito; Fanti Yusmalia
Jurnal Gembira: Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 4 No 05 (2026): OKTOBER 2026
Publisher : Media Inovasi Pendidikan dan Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Reguler Berdampak Batch II Universitas Halu Oleo Tahun 2026 merupakan bentuk pengabdian mahasiswa kepada masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di Desa Lalonggopi, Kecamatan Wolo, Kabupaten Kolaka. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan membantu mengatasi permasalahan masyarakat serta mengembangkan potensi desa melalui program yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi setempat. Pelaksanaan KKN menggunakan pendekatan kolaboratif dan berbasis Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Desa melalui tahapan observasi, identifikasi masalah, penyusunan program, pelaksanaan, monitoring, evaluasi, dan penyusunan laporan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, ditemukan beberapa permasalahan, antara lain pengelolaan sampah yang belum optimal, rendahnya pemahaman mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat serta etika bermedia sosial, belum optimalnya publikasi potensi desa, dan belum tersedianya penanda batas wilayah dusun. Program yang dilaksanakan meliputi pembuatan video dokumenter profil desa, edukasi pemilahan sampah organik dan anorganik, pembuatan pupuk kompos, sosialisasi cyberbullying dan etika bermedia sosial, edukasi cuci tangan enam langkah, kegiatan mengajar, pembuatan batas dusun, serta Pekan Olahraga. Hasil pelaksanaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesadaran masyarakat serta siswa dalam pengelolaan lingkungan, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, penggunaan media sosial secara bijak, serta partisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial. Selain itu, dihasilkan media informasi berupa video profil desa, empat papan batas dusun, dan produk pupuk kompos. Secara keseluruhan, pelaksanaan KKN memberikan dampak positif pada aspek sosial, ekonomi, lingkungan, dan kelembagaan serta memperkuat kerja sama antara mahasiswa, pemerintah desa, dan masyarakat dalam mendukung pembangunan Desa Lalonggopi secara berkelanjutan
Co-Authors Achmad Muru Alouisius Alan Sanjaya Alvira Marwa Sakinah Anip Aura Jalab Nur Aqidatul Awwami aspin aspin Cantika Odi Grasia Djuarsih S. Tutu Eka Mayangsari Fanti Yusmalia Firman Tobelo Fito Fito I Gede Arya Arimbawa Iktimal Camari Jalil, Abdul Jufri Jufri La Ode Muh. Fajar Indasa Lasahibudin Lasahibudin Maria Josella Maulana Rachman Akbar Muh. Sabaruddin Sinapoy Muhammad Anugerah Dirgantara Mustamil Robinson Nur Magfirah Rahmat Manaf Rezky Amelia Sirfan S. Tutu Siti Misnar Sitti Nur Azizah A. Patoro Sukirman Sukirman Sutriana Sutriana Syafardin Jumain Tiara Ayuni Wulandari