<![CDATA[The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into modern life has fundamentally changed human-technology interaction, demanding a paradigm shift in education. Developing AI literacy must begin early to prepare children for a future where AI competency is as essential as reading, writing, and arithmetic. Despite this urgency, instilling AI literacy in young children remains a significant challenge, largely due to the limited availability of developmentally appropriate tools and curricula tailored to elementary students’ cognitive and socio-emotional capacities. This study examines the effectiveness of learning interventions that integrate AI literacy and tangible AI in elementary education. The researchers selected meta-analysis studies published between 2010 and 2025 from indexing databases including Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO/Proquest, SINTA, and Google Scholar. The collected articles focused on how AI literacy is taught at the elementary level. The filtered data included learning design, assessment methods, and learning outcomes. A total of 13 independent studies were included in the meta-analysis, which analyzed average effect sizes. Results, processed using JASP software, indicate that effective implementation of teaching aids—whether software-based or tangible AI—significantly improves students’ understanding of AI concepts and their ability to apply AI to real-world challenges. The findings also underscore the importance of embedding AI literacy within subject-matter instruction rather than teaching it in isolation, which risks losing context and relevance.]]>
