Yeny Ristaning Belawati
Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Associated with Job Satisfaction among Acupuncture Therapists in Indonesia Afrita Nurlaylia; Selfi Handayani; Dewi Pratiwi; Erindra Budi Cahyanto; Yeny Ristaning Belawati
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2026.11.02.11

Abstract

Background: Job satisfaction is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors originating from both individual characteristics and the organizational environment. The lack of empirical evidence regarding job satisfaction among acupuncture therapists may hinder the strengthening of the complementary healthcare workforce in Indonesia. Without evidence-based knowledge of the factors influencing job satisfaction, the integration of acupuncture services into the national healthcare system may proceed without adequate evaluation and without comprehensive human resource management strategies. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 173 respondents from across Indonesia participated in the study. The sample size was determined using the Daniel and Cross formula, and participants were recruited through accidental sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson's correlation for bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression for multivariable analysis. Results: Among the intrinsic factors, work achievement was significantly associated with job satisfaction (b = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.53; p < 0.001). Among the extrinsic factors, coworker relationships (b = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.57; p < 0.001) and recognition (b = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.51; p = 0.003) were also significantly associated with job satisfaction. In contrast, social status (b = 0.12; 95% CI = −0.07 to 0.31; p = 0.224), organizational policy (b = −0.11; 95% CI = −0.26 to 0.04; p = 0.163), and working conditions (b = 0.02; 95% CI = −0.23 to 0.26; p = 0.894) were not significantly associated with job satisfaction. Conclusion: Work achievement, coworker relationships, and recognition were significant factors associated with job satisfaction among acupuncture therapists in Indonesia. Conversely, social status, organizational policy, and working conditions were not significantly associated with job satisfaction.